Learning to trade ethically: Knowledgeable capitalism, retailers and contested commodity chains     

Alex Hughes   《Geoforum》2006,37(6):1008-1020

This paper explores what happens when corporations engage explicitly in practices of organisational learning not only to become better capitalists by generating ever more innovative ways of maintaining profitability, improving competitiveness and maximising shareholder value, but also to become more responsible corporate citizens in their business practices. In particular, I evaluate the ways in which UK food and clothing retailers are learning to develop their ethical trading programmes in response to political calls for more responsible trading. Thrift’s [Thrift, N., 2005. Knowing Capitalism. Sage, London] notion of ‘knowledgeable, or soft, capitalism’ is adopted to understand the creative and experimental ways in which retailers and their mentors (ethical consultancies, social auditors and multi-stakeholder organisations) are learning to trade ethically. Two specific examples of formal learning spaces experienced by UK food and clothing retailers are examined: (i) training courses on social auditing and (ii) corporate awareness-raising courses on ethical trade. These courses are shown to encompass various participative and affective practices of learning. And while particular limits to the success of these courses are argued to exist, ethical learning practices discussed in this paper are nonetheless suggested to play a role in the making of new, albeit moderate, forms of responsible capitalism.  相似文献   

Towards models of strategic spatial choice behaviour: theory and application issues   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Qi Han  Harry Timmermans 《GeoJournal》2006,67(3):195-206

Models of spatial choice behaviour have been around in geography urban planning for decades to assess the feasibility of planning actions or to predict external (competition) effects on existing destinations. Although these models differ in terms of complexity and key concepts, they all have in common that spatial choice behaviour is predicted as a function of the attributes of the choice alternatives and distance or travel time separation only. None of these models do take into account that the attributes of choice alternatives and travel time may be highly non-stationary and that often the utility that people derive from visiting a particular location also depends on the choice behaviour of other individuals. Under these circumstances, individuals may exhibit strategic choice behaviour. That is, they will choose particular choice options taking into account their expected behaviour of others such as to maximize their own utility. The purpose of the proposed paper is to discuss possible models of strategic choice behaviour for these urban planning problems. Theory will be outlined and some critical issues in the application of such models to problems of spatial choice will be discussed.  相似文献   

查表法设计华北地区最大震级时间序列模糊预测系统     

武安绪  林向东  张洪魁  徐平  鲁亚军  穆会泳  李菊珍  乔振瑛  丁晗 《东北地震研究》2006,22(1):11-17

本文介绍了查表法设计模糊系统(FSLE)的方法与原理,然后基于该方法建立了华北地区及主要地震带最大震级时间序列的预测模型,并进行了预测内符检验。分析认为,该方法的建模与预测精度较高,模型外推泛化能力较强,原理简单直观,计算结果稳健。因此,FSLE方法可作为地震趋势建模与预测分析工作中的一种有效工具。  相似文献   

The Coral Triangle Initiative and regional exchanges: Strengthening capacity through a regional learning network     

《Global Environmental Change》2015

Natural resource management and conservation programs that promote building capacity and social learning among participants often lead to the formation of learning networks: a type of social network where learning is both a goal and potential outcome of the network. Through forming relationships and sharing information, participants in a learning network build social capital that can help a network achieve social and environmental goals. In this study, we explored social capital in a learning network that emerged through a large-scale marine governance effort, the Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security. Through a mixture of social network analysis and key informant interviews, we examined the major patterns of information exchange among individuals who had participated in regional learning exchanges; evaluated whether the network's structure resulted in information sharing; and considered implications for strengthening network sustainability, capacity building, and learning. We found that the Regional Exchange network fostered information sharing among participants across national and organizational boundaries. While the network had individuals who were more central to information sharing, the network structure was generally decentralized, indicating potential resilience to changes in leadership and membership. Participants stressed the importance of the knowledge and connections they had acquired through the learning network; however, they expressed doubts regarding its sustainability and stressed the need for a strong coordinating entity. Our findings suggest that conservation learning networks have the ability to bridge cultural divides and promote social learning; however, a strong network coordinator and continuing efforts to support information sharing and learning are crucial to the network's strength and sustainability. The tangible learning and capacity development outcomes cultivated through Regional Exchange network underscore the value of and need to invest in conservation networks that support peer-to-peer learning.  相似文献   

样本输入方式对极端学习机预报日长变化的影响     

雷雨  蔡宏兵  赵丹宁 《天文研究与技术》2015,(3)

针对极端学习机(Extreme Learning Machine,ELM)用于日长(Length-Of-Day,LOD)变化预报过程中,样本输入方式对预报结果的影响进行了研究。采用跨度、连续和迭代3种样本输入方式对日长变化进行预报。结果表明,不同的样本输入方式对预报结果有很大影响,样本按跨度输入的预报精度最低;样本采用连续输入方式在短期和中长期预报中预报精度较高,但计算速度较慢,较适合中长期预报;样本按迭代输入方式的短期预报精度稍优于连续输入方式,而中长期预报精度则不如连续输入方式,但具有较高的预报效率。这对于日长变化的实时快速预报有着较高的现实意义。  相似文献   

Adaptive co-management and the paradox of learning   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

Derek Armitage  Melissa Marschke  Ryan Plummer 《Global Environmental Change》2008,18(1):86-98

Much emphasis has been placed on the importance of learning to support collaborative environmental management and achieve sustainability under conditions of social–ecological change. Yet, on-going struggles to learn from experience and respond to complex social–ecological conditions reflect an emerging paradox. Despite widespread support of learning as a normative goal and process, core concepts, assumptions and approaches to learning have been applied in vague and sometimes uncritical ways. Greater specificity with respect to learning goals, approaches and outcomes is required. In response to this gap, we examine five dimensions of the learning paradox in the context of adaptive co-management, where the learning and linking functions of governance are stressed: (i) definitions of learning; (ii) learning goals and expectations; (iii) mechanisms by which learning takes place; (iv) questions regarding who is involved in the process of learning; and (v) the risks and ethical ambiguities faced by different actors expected to willingly participate in a learning process, whether formal or informal. Lessons from experience with a series of cases from the global North and South illustrate the implications of these dimensions. Resolving the dimensions of this learning paradox will require greater attention to capacity-building, recognition of the role of risk, and consideration of how incentives could be used to encourage learning. Further consideration of the role of power and marginality among groups participating in the learning process is also needed, as is more systematic evaluation to monitor and measure learning outcomes.  相似文献   

联合DBSCAN聚类采样和SVM分类的滑坡易发性评价     

鲍帅  刘纪平  王亮 《震灾防御技术》2021,16(4):625-636

针对基于机器学习的滑坡易发性评价中非滑坡样本选取不规范导致的分类精度较低问题,本文提出联合基于密度的噪声应用空间聚类（Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise,DBSCAN）采样策略和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）分类方法的DBSCAN-SVM滑坡易发性评价模型。首先,基于DBSCAN聚类和空间分析选取非滑坡样本;然后,将样本数据代入SVM分类模型进行训练与验证,预测并提取SVM分类中属于滑坡的概率,获得滑坡易发性;最后,以四川省绵阳市为试验区,预测滑坡易发性概率,基于滑坡易发性精度与分级结果等要素,与传统非滑坡样本采集策略的SVM滑坡易发性评价模型进行对比,并结合实际情况对DBSCAN-SVM模型评价结果进行分析。研究结果表明,相比传统SVM滑坡易发性评价模型,本文提出的DBSCAN-SVM滑坡易发性评价模型在高易发区和极高易发区中包含的滑坡样本数量较多,准确率、召回率、AUC、F1分数均得到提高,精度较高。  相似文献   

Rethinking urban water management: Experimentation as a way forward?     

M. Farrelly  R. Brown 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(2):721-732

There is widespread acceptance regarding the need to transition towards more sustainable urban water practices. Supporting such a transition requires new governance frameworks that can accommodate complexity and uncertainty, and organisational cultures that embrace experimentation and learning. This empirically focused research paper examines how eleven, alternative local-scale experiments were initiated while operating in an unsympathetic regime. Furthermore, the perceptions of more than 150 urban water practitioners across Australia are presented, regarding the importance of and difficulty in undertaking experimentation in the urban water sector, and the necessary mechanisms for influencing a step change to sustainable urban water management practices. Interviewees revealed perceived limitations in experimenting with new technologies and practices when operating within a hierarchical and market-based governance paradigm. Also, industry conservatism and the dominant risk-based management approach both operate as significant constraints to promoting an experimentation culture, and are closely related to concerns about public health and financial implications. Overall, the research highlights the Australian urban water sector is willing to embrace learning-by-doing; however, a stronger emphasis on promoting an organisational and industry-wide culture of experimentation and learning is required. Policy implications for future water governance are discussed.  相似文献   

应用SVM方法进行沉积微相识别   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14  

阎辉  张学工  李衍达 《物探化探计算技术》2000,22(2):158-164

作者针对目前沉积微相中的特征提取问题,提出了应用ＳＶＭ（支持向量机）方法进行沉积微相识别的方案。该方法不是象传统方法那样首先试图将原输入空间降维（即特征选择变换）,而是设法将输入空间升维,以求在高维空间中问题变得线性可分（或接近线性可分）。因为升维后只是改变了内积运算,并没有使算法复杂性随着维数的增加而增加,因此这种方法才是可行的。所以。利用该方法更能胜任实际情况。实际处理表明该方法在小样本情况下  相似文献   

基于高分遥感影像的建筑物侧面信息提取及其高度计算     

宋旭东  曹文峰  冯德俊  张星星 《北京测绘》2020,(3):296-300

本文选取成都市某一区域建筑物A、B为研究对象,采用分辨率为0.61 m的Quick bird影像,运用图像分割法和LVQ神经网络算法,提取建筑物侧面信息,根据假设法原理,构建高度计算物理模型,求取建筑物高度。对比实测数据,结合可能影响实验结果的实地因素、遥感影像因素进行精度分析与评价,探讨基于高分遥感影像的建筑物侧面信息提取和高度计算的方法。结果表明,LVQ神经网络算法在建筑物侧面提取和高度计算中有更好的应用价值,精度高达94%。  相似文献