Martian mantle mineralogy investigated by the Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd systematics of shergottites     

V. Debaille  Q.-Z. Yin  A.D. Brandon  B. Jacobsen 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,269(1-2):186-199

Chemical heterogeneities in the Martian mantle are believed to result from the crystallization of a magma ocean in the first 100 million years of its history. Shergottite meteorites from Mars are thought to retain a compositional record of such early differentiation and the resulting mineralogy at different depths. The coupled ¹⁷⁶Lu–¹⁷⁶Hf and ¹⁴⁷Sm–¹⁴³Nd isotope systematics in 9 shergottites are used here to investigate these issues. Three compositional groups in the shergottites display distinct isotope systematics. One group, commonly termed as depleted, is characterized by positive ¹⁷⁶Hf_i from + 46.2 to + 50.4 and ¹⁴³Nd_i from + 36.2 to + 39.1. Another, termed as enriched, has negative ¹⁷⁶Hf_i = − 16.5 to − 13.2 and ¹⁴³Nd_i = − 7.0 to − 6.5. The third group is intermediate between the depleted and enriched groups with positive ¹⁷⁶Hf_i = + 30.0 to + 33.4 and ¹⁴³Nd_i = + 16.9. Together, they describe mixing curves between ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, Lu/Hf, and Sm/Nd, implying that they sample two distinct sources in the Martian mantle. All shergottites are characterized by (Sm/Nd)_source < (Sm/Nd)_sample, but (Lu/Hf)_source > (Lu/Hf)_sample. This decoupling can be explained by two successive partial melting episodes in the depleted shergottite source and localized in the Martian upper mantle. The genesis of shergottites can be modeled using non-modal equilibrium partial melting in a source initially composed of 60% olivine, 21% clinopyroxene, 9% orthopyroxene, and 10% garnet, with degrees of partial melting of 8.8% and 3.9%, respectively, for the two successive events. The enriched end-member of the shergottite mixing curve is best modeled by late-stage quenched residual melt resulting from the crystallization of a magma ocean. The depleted shergottite source may be modeled as a mixture of cumulates and residual melt, as convection in the Martian magma ocean is expected to reduce the incompatible trace element heterogeneity in the final solidified layers. Consequently, equilibrium crystallization is preferred to model the crystallization of the Martian magma ocean. The models that best explain the shergottite data are those where the magma ocean is at a depth of at least 1350 km in Mars.  相似文献   

Chemical characteristics of the lherzolitic shergottite Yamato 000097: magmatism on Mars inferred from the chemical compositions of shergottites   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Naoki Shirai  Mitsuru Ebihara 《Polar Science》2009,3(2):117-133

As a part of a consortium study, we analyzed the Martian meteorite Yamato (Y) 000097 by prompt gamma-ray analysis, instrumental neutron activation analysis, and instrumental photon activation analysis. For comparison, we also analyzed Allan Hills (ALH) 77005 using the same methods. The data confirm that Y000097 belongs to lherzolitic shergottites in terms of chemical composition. Although there exist slight differences in elemental abundances among lherzolitic shergottites due to differences in the modal abundances of constituent minerals, they have essentially the same chemical compositions, suggesting they are genetically related and experienced similar formation histories.Zr/Hf ratios obtained for Y000097 and ALH 77005 are subchondritic, consistent with values reported for other lherzolitic shergottites and olivine-phyric shergottites. Such fractionation can be explained by invoking clinopyroxene, ilmenite, or majorite in the petrogenesis of the shergottites' source material. CI-normalized Hf/Sm ratios obtained for Y000097 and ALH 77005 are 1.52 and 1.37, respectively, consistent with superchondritic Hf/Sm ratios reported for shergottites. Based on experimentally derived partition coefficients, majorite is the best candidate mineral for the fractionation of Hf and Sm in shergottites.  相似文献   

Petrology and geochemistry of Yamato 984028: a cumulate lherzolitic shergottite with affinities to Y 000027, Y 000047, and Y 000097     

Amy J.V. Riches  Yang Liu  James M.D. Day  Igor S. Puchtel  Douglas Rumble III  Harry Y. McSween Jr.  Richard J. Walker  Lawrence A. Taylor 《Polar Science》2011,4(4):497-514

We report the petrography, mineral and whole-rock chemistry (major-, trace-, and highly-siderophile element abundances, and osmium and oxygen isotope compositions) of a newly recognized lherzolitic shergottite, Yamato (Y) 984028. Oxygen isotopes (Δ¹⁷O = 0.218‰) confirm a martian origin for this meteorite. Three texturally distinctive internal zones and a partially devitrified fusion crust occur in the polished section of Y 984028 studied here. The zones include: 1) a poikilitic region with pyroxene enclosing olivine and chromite (Zone A); 2) a non-poikilitic zone with cumulate olivine, interstitial pyroxene, maskelynite and Ti-rich chromite (Zone B) and; 3) a monomict breccia (Zone C). The pyroxene oikocryst in Zone A is chemically zoned from Wo_3–7En_76–71 in the core region to Wo_33–36En_52–49 at the rim, and encloses more Mg-rich olivine (Fo_74–70) in the core, as compared with olivines (Fo_69–68) located at the oikocryst rim. Constraints from Fe–Mg partitioning between crystals and melt indicate that constituent minerals are not in equilibrium with the corresponding bulk-rock composition, implying that Y 984028 represents a cumulate. The whole-rock major- and trace-element compositions, and initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os value (0.1281 ± 0.0002) of Y 984028 are similar to other lherzolitic shergottites and this sample is probably launch-paired with Y 793602, Y 000027, Y 000047, and Y 000097. The Os isotopic composition and highly-siderophile element (HSE) abundances of Y 984028 and other lherzolitic shergottites are consistent with derivation from a martian mantle source that evolved with chondritic Re/Os.  相似文献   

火星陨石NWA11288岩石矿物学和冲击变质特征     

闫艺洪  胡森  张婷  计江龙 《地质学报》2021,95(9):2866-2877

NWA 11288 是一块2015 年发现的玄武岩质辉玻无球粒陨石,具有典型的次辉绿结构,主要由辉石(面积比68. 6%)和熔长石(面积比28. 1%)组成,含少量磷酸盐(面积比 1. 35%)、不透明矿物(面积比 1. 45%)和二氧化硅等副矿物.通过扫描电子显微镜、电子探针和拉曼光谱等实验分析方法,对NWA 11288 进行了岩相学、矿物学及冲击变质作用研究.基于辉石核部的Ti/Al 比值,推测其结晶压力为 930 MPa,结晶深度约为50 km,接近火星壳幔边界.NWA 11288 经历过强烈的冲击变质作用,其中长石全部熔长石化,发育冲击熔脉及熔融囊并出现重结晶的辉石和柯石英.柯石英具有一种前人未报道的新产状:以柯石英-石英-二氧化硅玻璃三相集合体共生,柯石英和石英主要分布在集合体的边部,包裹着核部的二氧化硅玻璃,指示柯石英是在卸压阶段从熔体中结晶形成,且在后续的卸压阶段部分柯石英转变为石英.此外,熔融囊中可见自形的斯石英形态的二氧化硅玻璃;粒间区域可见具有斯石英/赛石英典型特征的二氧化硅颗粒.这些冲击变质特征说明NWA 11288 经历的峰值温度至少为1600℃,峰值压力或可高达15～20 GPa.通过对比NWA 11288 和NWA 8657/8656 的岩石结构、矿物化学成分以及冲击变质特征,本文认为NWA 11288 很可能是NWA 8657/8656 的成对陨石.  相似文献