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1.
AbstractThis research deals with the surface dynamics and key factors – hydrological regime, sediment load, and erodibility of floodplain facies – of frequent channel shifting, intensive meandering, and lateral instability of the Bhagirathi River in the western part of the Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta (GBD). At present, the floodplain of the Bhagirathi is categorized as a medium energy (specific stream power of 10–300 W m?2), non-cohesive floodplain, which exhibits a mixed-load and a meandering channel, an entrenchment ratio >2.2, width–depth ratio >12, sinuosity >1.4, and channel slope <0.02. In the study area, since 1975, four meander cutoffs have been shaped at an average rate of one in every 9–10 years. In the active meander belt and sand-silt dominated floodplains of GBD, frequent shifting of the channel and meander migration escalate severe bank erosion (e.g. 2.5 × 106 m3 of land lost between 1999 and 2004) throughout the year. Remote sensing based spatio-temporal analysis and stratigraphic analysis reveal that the impact of the Farakka barrage, completed in 1975, is not the sole factor of downstream channel oscillation; rather, hydrogeomorphic instability induced by the Ajay–Mayurakshi fluvial system and the erodibility of floodplain sediments control the channel dynamics of the study area. 相似文献
2.
The main characteristics of river flow and grainsize in a bend of the sand bedded meandering river Dommel, The Netherlands, are presented. Measurements were carried out at a relatively low discharge in a sharply curved bend following a long straight reach. In the studied bend, secondary circulation is restricted to the thalweg area; only in the downstream part of the bend it exists over the entire cross-section. Therefore, on the entire pointbar platform, which comprises the larger part of the bend, the median sedimentation diameter of the bedload material is governed by the distribution of the longitudinal components of the bed shear stress only. 相似文献
3.
黄河首曲地区具有突出的生态功能和较高的旅游价值。为保障湿地的完整性保护及尊重当地居民的雪山崇拜,研究首先对不可开发区和可开发区进行了识别分析,认为不管是严格的生态旅游还是一般的生态旅游活动都只能在有效生态旅游区进行,生态旅游的适宜性分析与区划也主要围绕可开发区展开。研究选取距水域湿地距离、草地覆盖情况、森林覆盖情况、海拔高度、坡度和原生态性六个表征地区自然性的标准,采用GIS技术与层次分析法相结合的方法对可开发区生态旅游适宜性进行了分析,层次分析法权重源于旅游者偏好调查,并基于适宜度空间分布格局进行了区域分类。可开发区的生态旅游适宜性可划分为五级,I级地区适宜度最低,最不适合发展严格的生态旅游,V级地区适宜度最高,原生态景观价值突出,生态旅游发展潜力最大。出于协调旅游功能与生态功能的统一以实现地区生态旅游资源可持续利用的目的,黄河首曲地区被划分为五类亚区,且均具有各自特殊的主导服务功能。研究最终根据各亚区的特殊服务功能提出了相应的调控措施。研究结论有助于促进生态旅游的合理性规划及未来可持续发展。 相似文献
4.
M. de Vries G. J. Klaassen N. Struiksma Professor Delft University of Technology. The Netherlands. Delft Hydraulics. The Netherlands. 《国际泥沙研究》1990,(1)
I. INTRODUCTIONMore than a decade ago, under tile auspices of DELFT HYDRAULICS an overview on the use ofmodels for river problems was given (de Vries & van der Zwaard. 1975). Since then a better understanding of morphological processes in rivers has been obtained, their mathematical formulation hasbeen improved and computer facilities have been expended. Scale models and mathematical models arein use. but their field of application is gradually changing. It seems that the better ma… 相似文献
5.
Routing procedures have been used for determining the observed values of the dispersion coefficient in river mixing studies. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing routing procedures, we developed a new routing procedure capable of being applied under a transient concentration situation while accounting for river irregularities. The proposed routing procedure is based on the exact solution of the depth-averaged, two-dimensional, mass transport equation combined with the stream-tube concept and was verified through the tracer data acquired from field tests conducted in natural rivers located in Korea. The observed dispersion coefficients evaluated by the routing procedure exhibited a stream-wise variation along the rivers, in that a minimum value was seen in the straight region and a maximum value downstream of the apex of the bend. This variation was attributed to the flow dynamics of secondary currents induced by the meandering of the rivers. The dispersion coefficients obtained by the new method over the reach were in the same range of those calculated by other methods. 相似文献
6.
Jrgen Kisling-Mller 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1992,17(5):501-513
Bedforms and their migration are among the most important features determining bed load transport on point bars in sand-bedded rivers. A case study has been carried out in the Danish river Gels Å in a bend with equilibrium point bar topography. Bedforms (dunes) were repeatedly surveyed to determine the bedform migration on the point bar surface. Bedforms occur in two categories in the bend: primary dunes and secondary dunes migrating transversely in the troughs between primary dunes. The study shows that the migration of these bedforms can account for the entire lateral transport known to concentrate the transport in the convex half of the cross section at the bend exit. The bedform transport is induced by both dune categories, partly by turning of the primary dunes towards the convex bank and partly by the migration of secondary dunes. In certain areas, the two categories operate together and thus make the lateral transport particularly large; it is shown that almost 60 per cent of the entire lateral transport in the bend takes place within less than 30 per cent of the streamwise extent of the point bar. 相似文献
7.
Channel morphologic processes of a highly sinuous bend approaching neck cutoff by bank erosion in the middle Yangtze River 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Zhiwei Li Hanyuan Yang Junqiang Xia Meirong Zhou Shanshan Deng Yingzhen Wang 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(4):457-467
The distal reach of the Lower Jingjiang River(LJR)in the middle of the Yangtze River consists of five adjacent bends,among which the Qigongling Bend is a U-shaped meander with a mean sinuosity of 2.2 and the narrowest neck 525 m in width.This bend is slowly approaching neck cutoff owing to progressive bank erosion.An abnormal phenomenon has occurred in this bend since the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)began to operate in 2003 which is erosion in the inner bank zone and deposition in the outer bank zone.This problem has not been fully understood because of the interplay of changes in water-sediment,bank erosion,and artificial bank revetment.In this study,aerial and remote sensing images,hydrological data,channel topography,and an existing bank erosion model are used to reveal channel morphodynamics of this bend and the trend of the potential neck cutoff induced by bank erosion.The study results show that the clear water released from the TGR has provided by forcefully eroded the point bar of inner bank but failed to scour the outer bank due to the protection of bank revetment since the 1990 s.Thus far,the outer bank zone near the bend apex has increasingly widened in conjunction with the formation of 2 emerging sand bars.Consequently,the thalweg of the main channel has laterally shifted toward the inner bank by roughly 800 m.More severely,the rate of bank retreat on the upstream side of the bend neck was about 4.5 m/yr in 2010-2019,but the downstream side of this neck was experienced slight deposition.Bank erosion could be accelerated by progressively increasing erosion and eventually trigger the occurrence of neck cutoff in the next few decades,thereby significantly altering the quasi-equilibrium regime of channel morphodynamics in the LJR. 相似文献
8.
Aerial photography and satellite imagery reveal manifold geomorphological evidence of a dynamic evolution of past and present rivers in the Bolivian Amazon. Comparison of oxbow lake and meander scar dimensions along an inactive meander belt of the Río Mamoré (Llanos de Moxos, north-eastern Bolivia) and its modern counterpart suggests significant regional paleohydrological variability. We used these features as geomorphological and sedimentary archives to enhance our understanding of longer-term variations of the fluvial system. Late Pleistocene to Holocene hydrological changes of the Río Mamoré are inferred from: (i) the analysis of satellite imagery, (ii) discharge estimates from meander morphology, (iii) stratigraphic, and (iv) chronological information based on luminescence and radiocarbon dating. The combined data from three oxbows indicate that the now abandoned meander belt – the paleo-Mamoré – continued to be active at least until ∼5 ka, and likely even postdating 3 ka. An up to threefold increase in discharge is estimated for the modern Río Mamoré versus the paleo-Mamoré. The altered runoff regime may have triggered an avulsive shift towards the currently active Río Mamoré. The preceding increase in discharge in turn, was possibly related to a shift in climatic conditions, which changed markedly between the mid- and late Holocene in tropical South America. In addition, it may have been the indirect result of capturing the avulsive Río Grande system to the east of the Río Mamoré. Alternative explanations for the differences in dimensions of the paleo versus the modern Río Mamoré, i.e. contemporaneous activity of both rivers or alteration of site factors such as the channel/floodplain relationship, are considered to be unlikely. 相似文献
9.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE RELATION OF BED MORPHOLOGY WITH SURFACE FLOW IN MEANDER CHANNELS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hajime MIWA 《国际泥沙研究》2006,21(1)
1 INTRODUCTION The plane shape of a river channel is very important for river improvement planning, because it must allow floodwater to flow off safely. Natural rivers wind from side to side, which creates meandering forms. From the history of river impro… 相似文献
10.
Aerial photographs led to the detection of a previously undescribed type of river meander. These features are characterized by nearly circular pools located at the apex of the bend and are widely distributed on small to medium sized coastal plain streams in the southeastern United States. Bathymetric evidence shows that the structure of meanders containing circular pools is distinctive. Field and laboratory evidence suggests that these features are formed by a short-lived countercurrent that develops during the flood cycle. 相似文献