关于风沙土的一些雏议     

陈惠忠  董光荣 《地理研究》1990,9(3):80-86

本文论述了土壤形成过程中应具有的一些质的特征,从而证明了流动砂丘并非属于土壤,而只是地质作用的非土形成物或成土母质。在此基础上,对流动砂丘上土壤的形成发育演变方向以及在土壤分类中的地位和命名等问题进行了探讨。  相似文献   

Plant distribution at the mobile dune scale and its relevance to soil properties and topographic features     

Xiaoan Zuo  Halin Zhao  Xueyong Zhao  Yirui Guo  Yulin Li  Yayong Luo 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(5):1111-1120

A survey was conducted in an 11-year recovery mobile dune (RMD11) and a 20-year recovery mobile dune (RMD20), in Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China, to determine plant distribution at the mobile dune scale and its relevance to soil properties and topographic features. The results showed that (1) vegetation cover and species number increased from dune top to bottom in the restoration process of mobile dune; (2) the average value of soil organic C, total N, pH, relative height of sampling site, very fine sand content and soil water contents (40−60 and 60−80 cm) of RMD11 were less than that of RMD20, respectively, and there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two dunes; (3) soil resources were redistributed by shrub restoration and relative height of sampling site on dune. The distribution of sand pioneer plant, Agriophyllum squarrosum, was positively related to the relative height of sampling site and soil water content, while that of other herbaceous plants was positively related to soil nutrients in the restoration process of mobile dune. These results suggest that at mobile dune scale, plant distributions are determined by a combination of soil properties and topographic feature. Much effort should be made to preserve the interdune lowland and to improve the level of soil nutrients on mobile dune.  相似文献   

Relationships Between Community Structure of the Intertidal Macroinfauna and Sandy Beach Characteristics Along the Chilean Coast   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Eduardo Jaramillo  Heraldo Contreras  Cristian Duarte  & Pedro Quijón 《Marine Ecology》2001,22(4):323-342

Abstract. Eight sandy beaches were seasonally sampled along the coast of Chile, from ca. 21 to 42° S (about 3000 km) to study the relationship between community structure of the intertidal macroinfauna and beach characteristics. Sediment samples (0.1 m², 30 cm deep) were collected (July – September 1998 and December 1998 – January 1999) with plastic cylinders at 15 equally spaced levels along three replicated transects extending from above the drift line to the swash zone. The sediment was sieved through a 1 mm mesh and the organisms collected stored in 5 % formalin. To define beach types, Dean's parameter (Ω) was calculated from wave heights and periods, and fall velocity of sand particles from the swash zone. Crustaceans (mainly peracarids) were the most diverse group with 14 species, followed by polychaetes with 5 species. The talitrid amphipod Orchestoidea tuberculata , the cirolanid isopods Excirolana braziliensis and E. hirsuticauda and the anomuran decapod Emerita analoga were the most widely distributed and common species. Regression analyses between species richness, abundance and biomass of the whole macroinfauna versus sediment characteristics, beach face slopes and morphodynamic beach states showed no significant relationships. Thus, macroinfaunal community characteristics did not increase linearly from lower intermediate to higher intermediate or dissipative beach states as had been found before in Chile or in other coasts. A comparative analysis with data from sandy beaches of other world regions showed that the number of species inhabiting Chilean sandy beaches was generally lower, whereas total population abundances were generally higher compared with values reported elsewhere.  相似文献   

秦皇岛砂滩海洋线虫的数量研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

张志南 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1991,(1)

在两年的周期内,对秦皇岛4个砂滩的海洋线虫进行了6次芯样采集。灯塔、新煤码头、汤河口和北戴河赤土山4个砂滩均系分选好的细砂或中细砂,其中值粒径为140-285μm。对连续16个芯样计数的变异性所做的测试证明,1,2和3个芯样计算所得95％C.L.分别是0.539X—1.855X,0.647X—1.547X和0.700X—1.428X。秦皇岛砂滩海洋线虫的年平均密度:中潮带上区为1381±441 inds.10cm~(-2)。中潮带下区为1264±538 inds.10cm~(-2)。灯塔和新煤码头砂滩,8月出现高密度值,与温度的季节变化相符合,而汤河口则出现最低值,可能与污染物的大量排出有关。多数砂滩的大部分芯样显示了明显的重直分布,即种群数量的大部分集中在芯样顶部的两个分层:0～4和5～8cm。没有发现垂直分布的季节变化趋势。与世界其他海区砂滩的资料进行了比较。  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地土地利用与耕作方式对土壤风蚀的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

张华  季媛  苗苗 《干旱区地理》2006,29(6):861-866

土壤风蚀造成的直接生态后果是土地资源的退化。在春播前两次沙尘暴事件中,对科尔沁沙地几种具有代表性的土地类型的土壤风蚀量及土壤特性进行了野外测定、分析,结果表明:(1)在同一沙尘暴天气下,由于土地利用和耕作方式的不同,土壤风蚀量存在着差异,新垦农地和翻耕农地的风蚀量显著高于未垦草地、免耕农地和麻黄地;免耕农地则与未垦草地的风蚀量相差不大,风蚀危害较轻;麻黄地几乎不受风蚀侵害。新垦农地、翻耕农地、免耕农地、未垦草地、麻黄地两次观测的土壤风蚀量平均值依次为24.59、15.60、2.26、1.46和0.22 g/h.cm2。(2)基于土壤特性计算的土壤退化指数结果表明,新垦农地和翻耕农地发生了较为严重的退化。  相似文献   

李连捷教授在南山          下载免费PDF全文

屠敏仪 《第四纪研究》2002,22(1):82-84

李连捷教授作为1973-1978年北京农业大学专家工作组最年长的一位，深入湘桂交易的南岭西部的山地，为引种奶牛、肉牛建设山地牧场进行草地和土壤调查。当时生活和交通条件等均很差，近70风气高龄的李老跋山涉水，步行到有关山地、坪地进行调查，并修建梯田，引种牧草，为开发南山牧场进行科学规划。特别是对南山的花岗岩风化土壤的保护和山地沼泽的保护等生态保护和合理用肥提出了关键性建议，保证了南山牧场的顺利发展，南山的人民永远不会忘记。  相似文献   

伊金霍洛旗土地利用变化与可持续利用   总被引：14，自引：5，他引：14  

张凤荣  王立新  牛振国  陈焕伟  李保国 《中国沙漠》2002,22(2):166-171

近20年来，毛乌素沙地东北缘伊金霍洛旗的土地利用结构发生了明显的变化，即林地和草地面积的比例增加，耕地面积有所减少；相应地，沙漠化土地面积大幅度减少，土地利用走向可持续发展状态。这种变化的驱动力主要是随着工业与经济的发展，农业投入不断增加，单位面积耕地产量增加。沙漠化防治措施在其中也起到了推动作用。但是，该区的潜在沙漠化因素依然存在。  相似文献   

补播技术在库布齐沙地草场中的应用     

安渊  石海娟 《中国沙漠》1997,17(3):308-312

通过对库布齐沙地草场补播改良技术的研究，确定出适宜的补播牧草种类及播前种子处理技术，适时的补播时间，正确的补播地形和适宜的补播机器。改良后的沙地草场生态环境明显改善，土壤养分提高，植被盖度和产草量随着补播年限的增加而增加，补播第３年，植被盖度达到７８％，干草产量５２５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，分别比补播前提高３倍和７倍，流沙移动得到控制。生态环境的改善，带来了可喜的经济效益，草场载畜量由０．５～０．７５个羊单位／ｈｍ２提高到２个羊单位／ｈｍ２，草地年收入纯增２４６元，比补播前提高２倍。  相似文献   

沙地果树节水渗灌技术的试验研究   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7  

荔克让  刘新民 《中国沙漠》1997,17(4):447-452

果树渗灌是灌溉水通过特殊的透性材料持续缓慢地渗入并浸润土壤，借助土壤毛管水运动原理向果树根系供水。干旱地区沙地渗灌能有效地减少地表蒸发、避免无效渗漏造成的水分损失，提高灌溉水利用率，从而达到节水的目的。在沙地果园采用节水渗灌技术，比传统的大水漫灌和沟灌方式分别节水８３．１％和６３．１％。  相似文献   

单管高压旋喷注浆技术在砂层加固、止水工程中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李文华  张瑞琼 《江苏地质》2004,28(2):103-106

就其他工艺在砂层的加固、止水工程中难以解决的问题，提出了单管高压旋喷注浆技术，并通过一些工程实例证实此工艺的可行性。  相似文献