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1.
Transverse dunes appear in regions of mainly unidirectional wind and high sand availability. A dune model is extended to two‐dimensional calculation of the shear stress. It is applied to simulate dynamics and morphology of three‐dimensional transverse dunes. In the simulations they seem to reach translational invariance and do not stop growing. Hence, simulations of two‐dimensional dune ?elds have been performed. Characteristic laws were found for the time evolution of transverse dunes. Bagnold's law of the dune velocity is modi?ed and reproduced. The interaction between transverse dunes led to the interesting conclusion that small dunes can travel over bigger ones. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
基于多旋翼无人机倾斜摄影测量的沙丘三维形态研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
无人机倾斜摄影技术是近年来发展起来的新型测量方法，具有高效率、高精度、非接触、大范围等优点。本研究采用多旋翼无人机，结合精确测定的地面控制点，实现了对新月形沙丘群三维形态的精确测量。结果表明：无人机倾斜摄影测量的均方根误差小于18 mm，可以满足大比例尺地形测量的要求。利用该技术获取的多种测量参数表明，新月形沙丘二维与三维形态之间存在良好的相关性，基于这些关系，可以实现二维遥感影像量测结果向沙丘高度、沙丘体积等三维参数的转换。沙丘剖面形态可以采用非线性函数精确描述，为沙丘形态精确建模提供了参考。无人机倾斜摄影技术获取的沙丘三维形态参数，对于深入认识沙丘形态动力过程具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
3.
新月形沙丘迎风坡形态及沉积物对表面气流的响应 总被引：16，自引：10，他引：6
对孤立新月形沙丘迎风坡风速的野外实测和计算表明,沙丘迎风坡表面风速廓线呈非对数关系,近地面剪切风速和输沙强度由坡脚至丘顶总体呈递增趋势,但同时随断面坡度的增减而发生相应的变化;沿断面输沙率的变化导致蚀积强度的改变,表现为沙丘迎风坡坡度变缓的部位沉积大于侵蚀,其它部位侵蚀大于沉积,其中丘顶输沙率和侵蚀强度最大。在沙丘形态上,表现为坡度减缓的部位沉积变凸、其它部位因侵蚀变凹以及坡脚和丘顶的前移。变凸和变凹部位反过来又制约着表面剪切风速的相应变化。粒度分析也表明,沙丘迎风坡表面粒度特征主要取决于表面蚀积状况,同断面形态表现出密切的相关性。 相似文献
4.
The evolution of barchan-to-parabolic dunes can be driven by vegetation establishment, which may be linked to climate change and/or human activity. However, little is known of the impact of changes in wind strength on vegetation development and the resulting impacts on the evolution of dune morphology and sedimentological characteristics. To address this issue, we studied the morphology and grain-size characteristics of barchan, barchan-to-parabolic and parabolic dunes in the Mu Us Desert in north China, which was combined with an analysis of changes in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and climatic variables during 1982–2018. The results reveal a trend of increasing growing-season NDVI which was related to a significant decrease in drift potential (DP). Therefore, we suggest that the initiation of dune transformation was caused by the reduced wind strength which favored the establishment and development of vegetation. To reveal the response of sedimentological reorganization during the processes of dune transformation, grain-size characteristics along the longitudinal profile of the three different types of dunes were examined. The decreasing wind strength led to the transport of fine sands on the upper part of the windward face of the dunes, resulting in a progressive coarsening of the grain-size distribution (GSD) and a reduction in dune height at the crest area. No distinct trend in sorting and mean grain-size was observed on the windward slope of the barchan-to-parabolic dune, indicating that the sand in transit had little influence on the GSD. Conversely, progressive sorting and coarsening of the sand occurred towards the crest of the parabolic dune. This indicates that vegetation development limited the transport of sand from upwind of the dune, and affected a shift in the dune source material to the underlying source deposits, or to reworked pre-existing aeolian deposits, and resulted in the trapping of sand in the crest area. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
沙丘共生问题是风沙地貌研究的热点，目前尚缺乏较为深入的探讨。以共生沙丘分布最为广泛的撒哈拉沙漠为例，基于Google Earth高清卫星影像对新月形沙丘和简单线形沙丘共生区域进行参数识别，并对其区域风况特征和形成发育环境进行分析，以探讨共生沙丘形成的可能原因。结果表明：撒哈拉沙漠共有17处典型的共生沙丘区域，是世界上最大的共生沙丘分布区。区域及单个共生沙丘形态参数之间均存在一定相关性，但并不具有理论上应具有的良好相关性，表明影响沙丘共生的因素较为复杂。共生沙丘在低、中、高风能环境以及不同风向变率下均可发育，但主要在低风能环境、中等风向变率，锐双峰风况下形成。单一的起沙风风向是共生沙丘形成的重要条件，合成输沙势方向与沙丘走向基本一致。除风况外，障碍物如山脉、河流等因素同样对沙丘共生发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
6.
新月形沙丘表面100cm高度内风沙流输沙量垂直分布函数分段拟合 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
为研究新月形沙丘表面不同层位风沙流输沙量的垂直分布函数,实测了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地典型新月形沙丘表面100 cm高度内(以1 cm分隔)的输沙量。分段拟合分析表明:新月形沙丘迎风坡脚输沙量垂直分布规律不完全服从指数函数,出现与戈壁风沙流结构特征相似的"象鼻效应",在0~3 cm区间内输沙量逐渐增大,3cm以上输沙量随高度呈指数函数衰减;沙丘顶部0~10 cm区间输沙量随高度呈指数函数衰减,10 cm以上呈二次函数衰减;沙丘左翼端输沙量随高度呈幂函数分布,沙丘右翼端0~20 cm内以指数函数衰减,20 cm以上呈三次函数衰减;沙丘背风坡脚风沙流输沙量在0~60 cm和60 cm以上分别呈不同形式的三次函数分布。 相似文献
7.
新月形沙丘形态参数与移动速度的关系 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的新月形沙丘演变监测区，运用华测X90 GNSS接收机获取毫米级高时空分辨率三维坐标数据，利用ArcGIS 10.0和CASS 9.0提取新月形沙丘的15个形态参数和移动速度，利用SPSS 21.0对沙丘移动速度与15个形态参数间的数值相关性进行曲线估计分析。结果表明：以移动方向230°为界，沙丘移动速度与移动方向间存在明显的分段线性函数关系；当移动方向为210°~230°时，沙丘移动速度 > 1.5 m/月，移动较快且与主风向NE的下风向方向一致；当移动方向为230°~320°时，沙丘移动速度 ≤ 1.5 m/月，速度较低。沙丘移动速度与沙丘高度之间存在负线性函数关系，沙丘高度每增大1个单位，速度会相应减小2.263个单位，沙丘高度对移动速度的影响较大。移动速度和沙丘走向间存在正的增长函数关系，与沙丘左、右翼走向均呈正线性相关性。研究结果为明确新月形沙丘移动速度的具体影响因素和完善其计算公式提供支持，并对小尺度风沙地貌演变的精确分析有所裨益。 相似文献
8.
新月形沙丘迎风坡气流加速模拟 总被引：5，自引：8，他引：5
迎风坡气流加速是决定新月形沙丘发育和形态的动力因子，研究这一加速过程的定量关系有利于认识沙丘的发育、沙丘的形态、沙丘的运动等。通过大量的野外实测数据和前人的理论分析，得出沙丘迎风坡气流加速量主要和沙丘坡度、迎风坡前来流风速以及沙丘高度有关，并建立了新月形沙丘迎风坡气流加速和沙丘形态特征的定量关系。根据这一关系得了在风力较强的风沙环境中，沙丘坡度较小；在风力较弱的风沙环境中，沙丘坡度较陡。地表粗糙度越大，迎风坡坡度越陡。沙丘地貌发育高度存在一上限，这一上限与边界层厚度有关。 相似文献
9.
Mark A. Bishop 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(1):125-131
Distribution‐free statistical methods of comparative data analysis have identi?ed subtle granulometric differences attributed to the evolution of barchan form at Gurra‐Gurra waterhole. Geomorphic locations on the barchan dunes display statistically signi?cant grain‐size differences that assist in the interpretation of aeolian processes. In summer, very ?ne sands mantle the dunescape and are the fraction that most affects the parameters of sorting and skewness. The sur?cial sedimentological character is one of subtle contrasts between the processes of grain winnowing and intergranular protection. The second and third moment measures are parameters that best demonstrate the spatial granulometric differences. Dune‐forming processes at Gurra‐Gurra have produced dune sands that have a very narrow range of grain size, which, in turn, re?ects textural and mineralogical maturity, and hence an extensive transport history. The statistical techniques employed in this study can also be used for the comparison of temporal (seasonal) sedimentological change, and for the granulometric analysis and association of process for dunes of different morpho‐types. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
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