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1.
农地城市流转决策优化研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
农地保护与城市发展被认为是一对矛盾。农地城市流转决策应协调好二者的关系,以实现土地的可持续利用。而现行决策的片面性从某种程度上助长了农地的盲目流失,直接影响到我国土地资源的后续利用、粮食安全、生态环境等。文章从可持续利用的角度,通过对农地城市流转的选择价值和外部性的分析及评价,优化了农地城市流转决策。 相似文献
2.
流域资源具有公共池塘资源的属性,私人在流域资源的开发过程中可能会产生外部性问题,因而要求政府对流域开发、利用进行管理.但由于实际上政府并不是只有单一目标的统一的组织,在分权体制下,不同区域、部门的政府单元掌握着实际权力.由于权力也存在外部性,各管理区域、部门之间存在利益冲突,导致政府的管理失效.解决政府权力外部性的办法一是要转变政府职能,改变政府的激励机制,二是严格界定各政府单元的权力界限,对流域进行统_管理. 相似文献
3.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):574-586
Abstract Environmental justice laws protect certain populations against discriminatory actions that may result from a myriad of enterprises, including transportation activities. Previous environmental equity studies examining the effects of transportation-engendered externalities have been criticized on several points, including (1) that the choice of a reference population for comparison to the criterion variable may influence the outcome of research results and (2) that the selection and use of inappropriate methodologies intended to identify and characterize populations may foreordain research outcomes. This article examines the potentially confounding effects of selected spatial scale and population assignment strategies as applied to a study of excessive noise levels at a large Midwestern airport, finding that reported outcomes can vary significantly as a function of methodological choices. 相似文献
4.
ABSTRACTThe relative location of commercial properties as the distance to the metro station as well as its absolute location as the address in the Central Business District (CBD) is expected to influence its valuation. We apply the advanced spatial econometric methodology, based on micro geo-located data, to the office rental transaction data from London in 2015. We use different spatial information on the local and global neighbourhood in order to estimate the spatial hedonic valuation model and test the strength of spatial spillovers and location effects on office fees. For offices in London in 2015, geographical factors may raise the price by 50%, as every next 100 m to the metro cost an additional 0.7 ? per ft2 per year and the CBD location raises the cost for ca. 20 ? per ft2 per year. 相似文献
5.
城市网络外部性研究述评 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
城市网络研究已成为国际上城市研究的前沿学术领域并渐成热点,外部性作为城市网络的本质属性,对城市网络的演化及城市与区域的发展均具有重要意义.论文从集聚外部性与网络外部性比较的视角切入,重点对城市网络外部性形成机理、效用和测度方法等方面的研究进展进行梳理和评述.其中,协同效应、整合效应和规模借用被认为是城市网络外部性形成的... 相似文献
6.
《Geoforum》2016
The concept of environmental justice (EJ) has recently gained currency, both as a factor for and a goal of sustainable development. Its implementation in practice implies establishing current environmental injustice patterns and analysing planning policies, with the aim to reduce socio-demographic inequalities in the negative environmental impact borne by different population groups. This paper proposes a method to assess differential exposure to excessive pollution levels by socio-demographic groups in intra-urban spaces.The approach developed in this paper is based upon GIS and quantitative spatial analysis techniques. It incorporates the idea of an ‘environmental justice weighting scale’ for policy-making, using normative pollution thresholds to measure inequalities more objectively and consistently. Spain’s two largest cities, Madrid and Barcelona, have been chosen as case-studies, taking nitrogen dioxide as the pollutant, and the geographic distribution of six vulnerable population groups (children, elderly people and international immigrants) in the year 2010. The results reveal that a large part of these groups suffer exposure to air pollution exceeding the maximum permitted levels disproportionately, which would imply a case of environmental injustice. 相似文献
7.
Innocent Miebaka Aprioku 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2004,24(4):323-338
The paper examines why Yenagoa, the major town and headquarter of Bayelsa State in Nigeria, is experiencing territorial problems, including boundary disputes, which do not exist in larger, fast growing urban areas in Nigeria (such as Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano and Ibadan). For the purpose of data collection, Yenagoa is divided into 14 zones. A questionnaire survey sought to discover the pattern of interzonal relocation and space preference of residents. An index of environmental deterioration was devised through a measure of the total number, length and width of the stream channels, drainage density, area subject to flood pondage and percentage dry land available for urban expansion in each zone.Using correlation technique to relate environmental quality with relocation and space preference, the resultant indices show two sets of relationships: that there is a direct association between degree of environmental deterioration and desire to relocate, and that the degree of environmental stability of a zone is directly related to its relative attractiveness. Based on these cause–effect relationships, it is argued that Yenagoa has exceeded its carrying capacity. Consequently, there is a fusion of Yenagoa with its neighbouring zones who are resisting the territorial expansion of Yenagoa engineered by the urbanization process. The paper suggests urgent reclamation of flood prone areas in Yenagoa. 相似文献
8.
Nonpoint source pollution control is a more complicated process than traditional analysis suggests. Whether a new pollution abatement technology is developed exogenously or endogenously and the per unit reduction in the rate at which a pollutant associated with the use of a factor of production needed to produce an agricultural commodity due to this technology enters the environment are critical factors in the determination of the effects of agricultural production on the pollutant stock. These are the issues addressed here. The optimal current period research and development expenditures on an endogenously induced abatement technology associated with the use of a factor of production giving rise to environmental externalities are shown to be a function of, among other things, the cumulation of all research and development expenditures, the probability of an abatement technology being developed, the level of use of the factor of production, the unit pollution tax on the factor, the rate of time preference (discount rate), the rate at which the pollutant associated with the factor enters the environment, the rate of discharge of the pollutant stock, and so forth. Finally, the analysis demonstrates that a reduction in pollution by the adoption of an abatement technology may lead to an increase in the pollutant stock as a result of endogenous technological change associated with the pollution abatement. When the rate of pollution reduction is greater than a threshold, however, the adoption of an endogenously determined abatement technology will unequivocally lead to a reduction in the pollutant stock.The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the policies of the US Department of Agriculture or the views of other US Department of Agriculture staff members. 相似文献
9.
农地价值与农地城市流转决策若干问题探讨 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
从资源环境价值观的角度对农地价值的构成进行分析,得出农地不仅具有市场价值,而且具有巨大的非市场价值。以此为基础,对传统决策模式进行理论优化。认为要协调农地保护与城市化之间的关系,促进经济社会的可持续发展,农地城市流转的直接决策者必须将农地的非使用价值与外部性纳入决策框架。 相似文献
10.
FDI技术转化及制造业集聚创新空间响应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于FDI技术转化的视角,结合264个城市17年连续面板数据,运用随机前沿生产函数模型、交叉项模型、空间杜宾模型和热点探测法,分析FDI技术转化机制及制造业集聚创新空间响应路径,结论：① FDI技术转化是制造业集聚创新的重要驱动力;② 基于马歇尔外部性的分析发现集聚规模效应和FDI技术外溢的双向作用是FDI技术转化的作用机制;③ 区域、行业和区位3个视角的路径研究揭示FDI嵌入制造业集聚促进跨区域生产网络链接,推动FDI技术转化在生产网络中传导,进而促进创新生产网络形成,带动邻近空间TFP增长,缓解极化发展问题,促进区域平衡发展。该研究试图为中国构建新型开放和创新体系,促进制造业集聚转型升级和区域高质量发展提供科学佐证和政策启示。 相似文献