黄河三角洲地貌环境体系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

崔承琦  李学伦  印萍 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1994,(Z3)

黄河三角洲是由三角洲上部冲积平原一下部冲积海积平原（超潮滩）─周边潮滩三个区带的地貌系列构成．它们之间形成三条地貌环境岸线，是一个复杂而统一的陆上─潮滩堆积地貌体系．该体系研究对三角洲发育．环境及其开发利用有一定理论和实践意义．  相似文献   

塔里木盆地地貌过程对绿洲形成演变的影响   总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2  

杨发相 《干旱区地理》2003,26(4):361-366

第三纪末以来，天山、昆仑山强烈隆起使塔里木盆地相对下沉，山盆高差悬殊大，白山顶至盆地腹部地貌外力作用过程依次由冰川作用→冰缘作用→流水作用→干燥作用→冲→洪积作用→湖积作用→风沙作用过渡。在山区河谷平原、平原区冲积扇、冲积平原、湖积平原等地方形成条带状、串珠状、扇形状绿洲，绿洲平面几何形状与适宜绿洲形成与发展的地貌类型空间分布基本吻合。绿洲荒漠化和荒漠绿洲化与地貌过程的关系密切。纵观区内地貌过程发展趋势可预测，区内流水、风沙和人类活动三大地貌过程将有增无减，流水侵蚀与风蚀风积作用将对绿洲产生不良作用。山区流水侵蚀过程加强导致山麓地带绿洲山洪泥石流危害加重。平原河流下游地区流水作用减弱，风蚀风积过程加剧，由绿洲→荒漠演变，而人类活动可分建设作用与破坏作用两方面，前者可稳定绿洲乃至促进荒漠绿洲化而后者则导致绿洲荒漠化。因此，改善山区、山麓地带，特别是盆地南缘与塔河中、下游等重要地区地貌过程并防止绿洲荒漠化，是保障区域可持续发展的有效途径。  相似文献   

面雨量不均对GIUH非线性改正探讨     

王煌赵会强  林隆钊孙春鹏 《水文》2004,24(6):14-16

地貌单位线(GIUH)基于流域地貌特征和概率方法，在我国许多地区得到广泛应用。针对面雨量分布不均问题，通过分析初始概率的变化，考虑GIUH的非线性改正，并用实际资料进行了验证。  相似文献   

Coastline configuration and geomorphologic development mode of arc-shaped coast in South China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dai Zhijun  Li Chunchu 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(4):473-480

1IntroductionArc-shaped bays are quite common on exposed sediment coast in South China, where the crenulate-bay beaches occur with the presence of two consecutive headlands and a predominant wave approach oblique to the alignment of the upcoast and downcoast headlands (Yasso, 1965). Oblique persistent swell striking a shoreline transports sediment alongshore and sculptures a coast into arc-shaped beaches. The shoreline of beach appearance mainly consists of straight segment and shadow segment…  相似文献   

Controlling factors of gullying in the Maracujá Catchment,southeastern Brazil     

L. de A. P. Bacellar  A. L. Coelho Netto  W. A. Lacerda 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2005,30(11):1369-1385

Hundreds of gullies (‘voçorocas’) of huge dimensions (up to 400–500 m long, 150 m wide and 50 m deep) are very common in the small Maracujá Catchment in southeastern Brazil. These erosional features, which occur with an uneven intensity throughout the area, started due to bad soil management practices at the beginning of European settlement, at the end of the 17th century, and nowadays are still evolving, but at a slower rate. As surface soils are usually very resistant to erosion, the outcrop of the more erodible basement saprolites seems to be an essential condition for their beginning. An analysis of well known erosion controlling factors was performed, aiming to explain the beginning and evolution of these gullies and to understand the reasons for their spatial distribution. Data shows that geology and, mainly, geomorphology are the main controlling factors, since gullies tend to be concentrated in basement rock areas with lower relief (domain 2) of Maracujá Catchment, mainly at the fringes of broad and flat interfluves. At the detailed scale (1:10 000), gullies are more common in amphitheatre‐like headwater hollows that frequently represent upper Quaternary gullies (paleogullies), which demonstrate the recurrence of channel erosion. So, gullies occur in areas of thicker saprolites (domain 2), in places with a natural concentration of surface and underground water (hollows). Saprolites of the preserved, non‐eroded hollows are usually pressurized (confined aquifer) due to a thick seal of Quaternary clay layer, in a similar configuration to the ones found in hollows of mass movement (mudflow) sites in southeastern Brazil. Therefore, the erosion of the resistant soils by human activities, such as road cuts and trenches (‘valos’), or their mobilization by mudflow movements, seem to be likely mechanisms of gullying initiation. Afterwards, gullies evolve by a combination of surface and underground processes, such as wash and tunnel erosion and falls and slumps of gully walls. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

一幅新的第四纪地质及地貌图的编制——以宁夏与山东为例          下载免费PDF全文

闵隆瑞  王永  王成  许克民  庞健峰  迟振卿  董进 《中国地质》2016,(3):1026-1032

为了更好地与生态环境及灾害地质紧密结合,第二代全国区域地质志编制项目规定第四纪地质及地貌图为必编图件之一。图件内容包括第四纪地质体的时代、成因类型、岩性和地貌成因形态组合类型、活动断裂及海侵范围等重要地质内容,同时,附第四纪地质-地貌典型剖面和重要的地貌景点。图件特点:(1)图件的地理底图是首次用数字高程模型(DEM)数据灰度图作背景;(2)第四纪地质内容与地貌成因形态类型同编为一幅图;(3)第四纪地质体的面色用成因类型色表示;(4)地貌部分划分了不同级别成因形态类型和有特色的微地貌景点。总之,图面有立体感,地形高差明显,层次分明,色彩鲜艳,是一幅崭新的图件,可供防灾治理和地质旅游参考应用。  相似文献   

蒙山八字峪砾石堆积堤的地貌成因和年代初探     

王乃昂  何青华  孙德浩  刘啸  陆晨遨  刘江 《地质论评》2021,67(3):682-694

山东蒙山八字峪(亦有人称为瑶池)砾石堆积堤不连续对称分布于出山沟口,沿流向延伸,具有弧形或舌状沉积的典型特征。2020年10月在蒙山八字峪砾石堆积堤测量了56块砾石组构,并在叠置砾石隙间采集到4个树干~(14)C测年样品。研究结果如下:(1)八字峪堆积垄岗砾石组构、沉积构造、地貌组合等标志,均指向其为山洪泥石流堆积物;(2)缺少扇形地、表泥层与底泥层,具有砂砾透镜体的砾石层,揭示八字峪砾石堤为暴发频率极低、发展周期较长的泥石流堆积;(3)根据已有测年结果和乔木定居期,八字峪砾石堤在距今50年前曾发生山洪灾害,这与文献记载具有一致性;(4)八字峪砾石堤成因属于暴雨直接类特大型历史泥石流,可能是一次性、短历时快速地貌灾害过程,且被后期洪流有所改造;(5)八字峪砾石堤形成原因与冰川作用无关,也不是"典型的石河"。已报道的蒙山"冰川遗迹",不仅缺少可靠的三要素地貌组合证据,而且缺少年代学和沉积学依据。总之,本文从证据链上进一步增强了蒙山山麓碎屑堆积为山洪泥石流成因判别的确定性。  相似文献   

丹霞地貌景观调查的遥感技术应用研究     

刘林清  郭福生  曾晓华 《华东地质学院学报》2007,30(3):247-251

以江西省丹霞地貌景观为研究对象,介绍了遥感和地理信息系统技术在丹霞地貌景观旅游资源调查中应用的原理和方法;根据已知丹霞地貌景观的遥感影像、地质背景、三维地形模型、地形坡度等多元信息特征,总结了丹霞地貌景观的解译标志;利用这些解译标志对江西省丹霞地貌景观进行详细解译。结果表明,江西省有丹霞地貌景观123处,其中新发现的有78处。为江西省的旅游发展规划和丹霞地貌景观旅游资源的开发评价提供了重要依据。  相似文献   

Distribution and Forming Model of Fluvial Terrace in the Huangshui Catchment and its Tectonic Indication     

WANG Xianyan  LU Huayu  Jef Vandenberghe  CHEN Zhongyan  LI Langpin 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(2):415-423

<正>The Huang Shui River,a main tributary of the Yellow River,crosses a series of tectonically subsided and uplifted areas that show different patterns of terrace formation.The distribution of fluvial terrace of the Huang Shui River is studied through topographic and sedimentologic terrace mapping.Three terraces in the Haiyan Basin,four terraces in the Huangyuan Basin,19 terraces in the Xi'ning Basin(the four high terraces may belong to another river),nine terraces in the Ping'an Basin, five terraces in the Ledu Basin and 12 terraces in the Minhe Basin are recognized.Sedimentology research shows that the geomorphologic and sedimentological pattern of the Huang Shui River,which is located at the margin of Tibet,are different from that of the rivers at other regions.The formation process of the terrace is more complicated at the Huang Shui catchment:both accumulation terrace and erosion terrace were formed in each basin and accumulation terraces were developed in some basins when erosion terraces were formed in other basins,indicating fluvial aggradation may occur in some basins simultaneously with river incision in other basins.A conceptual model of the formation process of these two kinds of fluvial terraces at Huang Shui catchment is brought forward in this paper.First,the equilibrium state of the river is broken because of climatic change and/or tectonic movement,and the river incises in all basins in the whole catchment until reaching a new equilibrium state.Then,the downstream basin subsides quickly and the equilibrium state is broken again,and the river incises at upstream basins while the river accumulates at the subsidence basin quickly until approaching a new equilibrium state again.Finally,the river incises in the whole catchment because of climatic change and/or tectonic movement and the accumulation terrace is formed at the subsidence basin while the erosion terrace is formed at other basins.The existence of the accumulation terrace implied the tectonic subsidence in the sub-basins in Huang Shui catchment.These tectonic subsidence movements gradually developed from the downstream Minhe Basin to the upstream Huangyuan Basin.Dating the terrace sequence has potential to uncover the relationship between the subsidence in the catchment and the regional tectonic at the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

基于机载 Lidar 的地貌数据快速更新方案研究     

赵云昌  丁莹莹  高照根  刘建明 《山东地质》2014,(12):69-71

空间地理信息作为国家信息资源的重要组成部分之一,承担着越来越重要的作用,地貌数据作为空间数据的组成部分,其数据采集及更新十分重要。机载 Lidar 问世以来受到测绘行业广泛重视,其应用不断扩展。该文以地貌数据的快速更新为研究目的,深入分析了地貌更新流程以及机载 Lidar 数据成果,并在此之上提出基于机载 Lidar 数据的地貌快速更新方案,研究其具体步骤以及核心技术,同时采用 CAD 二次开发实现地貌更新数据预处理,大幅提高地貌更新效率。  相似文献