城市防震减灾信息管理系统之研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

危福泉  傅再扬  陈琳  黄天洲  邬伦  田原 《福建地震》2004,(3)

城市防震减灾信息系统是“数字福建”的一个组成内容。该文结合福建省城市防震减灾信息系统的建设工作 ,探讨了地理信息系统与防震减灾数值模型的集成方法 ,论述了城市防震减灾信息系统的结构、内容、功能和组织方式 ,分析了地震风险评估、建筑物易损性评价、生命与财产损失估算、救援与救灾管理调度等模型的集成方法 ,设计了城市防震减灾信息系统。  相似文献   

Global cotton and local environmental management: the political ecology of rich and poor small-hold farmers in southern Mali     

WILLIAM G MOSELEY 《The Geographical journal》2005,171(1):36-55

This study examines the hypothesis that poor households engage in less sustainable soil management practices than rich households in a similar socioeconomic environment. This broad objective is explored in Mali's southern cotton belt through three specific research questions. First, is there empirical evidence to support the claim that poor households engage in less sustainable soil management practices than rich households? Second, what local and extra-local factors influence household agricultural management approaches in southern Mali? Third, what broader scale political and economic processes are linked to the factors that influence local-level agricultural management approaches? The author reports that soil quality measures on the farms of rich and poor households are not significantly different, refuting the conventional wisdom that the wealthy are better managers of the environment. A variety of environmentally deleterious practices are associated with export-oriented cotton production, an activity more vigorously pursued by wealthy than poor farmers. Finally, the focus on poverty in international environment and development discourse has allowed the government of Mali to avoid a serious debate on the sustainability of cotton production. The study's findings are based on household interviews describing agricultural management practices, an analysis of farm field soil measures, and discussions with donors and national policymakers.  相似文献   

搬迁农户生计策略与土地利用行为耦合协调度分析--以贵州省习水县为例     

杨林  汪磊 《上海国土资源》2021,(1):58-62,83

易地扶贫搬迁改变了搬迁农户生计策略,同时影响了其土地利用行为,二者之间的耦合协调度直接影响着农户的可持续生计。本文以贵州省习水县易地搬迁农户调研数据为基础,构建以农户生计策略和土地利用行为为子系统的耦合协调度模型,分析2个子系统之间的耦合关系和耦合协调关系。研究表明:纯农型农户、农兼型农户、兼农型农户生计策略与土地利用行为之间的耦合度值介于0.4~0.5之间,水平较低,处于拮抗状态;不同类型农户生计策略与土地利用行为系统耦合协调度值均处于0.39~0.49之间,处于濒临失调阶段,存在较大优化空间;传统的农业生产形式对于改善农户生计无明显效果,引导农户向专业农业型农户转变对于促进移民安置区“人地系统”协调发展大有裨益。研究结果可为农户生计与土地利用的可持续发展提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Agricultural policy reforms and sustainable land management: a New Zealand case study     

William Smith  Lindsay Saunders 《The Australian geographer》1995,26(2):112-118

This paper examines the link between poverty and land management within the context of New Zealand's almost total removal of subsidies to agriculture since 1984. The impact of these policy changes is explored through the findings from a detailed study of sixteen farms in the North Island hill country. Stress is identified as a primary link between social damage and environmental degradation. This link reinforces the impact of other linkages expressed in reduced production, lower stocking rates, and reduced capital inputs. Deregulation is claimed to be good. This paper shows that in certain circumstances this is not so.  相似文献   

Changing poverty distribution in Bolivia: the role of rural–urban migration and urban services     

Greg O’Hare  Sara Rivas 《GeoJournal》2007,68(4):307-326

Bolivia is a country with high levels of poverty and inequality among its peoples and regions. For the nation and its urban and rural areas, trends in the social and spatial distribution of poverty (and extreme poverty) are identified from 1976 to 2003 using UBN data with minor support where appropriate from poverty lines. The main survey between 1992 and 2001 uses composite and selected UBN to track detailed poverty change for the country’s nine departments, its ten largest cities and a selection of other smaller urban and rural municipalities. Because of rising background increases in population in the various surveyed administrative units, many instances of relative reductions in poverty are accompanied by rising absolute increases. Marked spatial variations in poverty and development in the country over the last several decades are identified as the main driver for the country’s quickening pace of rural–urban migration. As a result, the paper concludes by assessing two different but closely related views. One investigation tests the notion that because more poor people have been living in Bolivia’s cities than in its rural areas since the mid to late 1990s, rapid rural–urban migration has simply shifted the locus of poverty from the countryside to the cities in a process called, the ‘urbanisation of poverty.’ A second, more challenging, investigation assesses the view that the flow of poor rural people to the better serviced urban areas of Bolivia has actually acted to alleviate national poverty levels.  相似文献   

新时期西部地区贫困问题研究   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  

刘慧 《地理研究》2001,20(4):489-497

西部地区是我国贫困面最大、贫困程度最深的地区，同时也是从类发展水平非常落后的地区，收入贫困与知识贫困、人力贫困并存。在上世纪末基本解决温饱之后，西部地区仍然面临着能否稳定脱贫、人力资源开发落后、农民税费过重等诸多扶贫新问题。在深入分析西部地区贫困特点及面临的新问题的基础上，提出了新世纪西部地区消除贫困战略的政策导向以及分三阶段实施贫困地区发展目标的基本设想。建议扶贫开发方式逐渐从以物质投入为主转向以人力资源投入为主，并与国家西部大开发中的“退耕还林（草）”、“西气东输”、“西电东送”等重大工程项目密切结合。  相似文献   

Exile and exclusion: The legacy of soviet forestry for villages in the north of Perm oblast     

Dominique Moran 《GeoJournal》2001,55(2-4):541-547

This paper explores the relationship between the forestry enterprises (leskhozi) and the inhabitants of forestry villages in the northern rayony of Perm oblast, Russian Federation in the context of the `new regional geography'. These relationships are compared with those identified between peasant farmers and collective and state farms post-1991, and a theory of the cultivation of these relationships as a coping mechanism for both households and enterprises facing difficult economic circumstances is advanced. The situation in the northern rayony is contextualised through discussion of the settlement and development history of the region, which was a recipient of forced and voluntary labour migration during the Soviet period. The paper concludes that in accordance with recent theories of post-communist regional development, the experience of transition in the northern rayony of Perm oblast is determined at least in part by its social and economic context. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

四川少数民族自治区域旅游开发与贫困缓解   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

何景明  李辉霞  何毓成  李立华 《山地学报》2003,21(4):442-448

四川少数民族自治地区是一个贫困面大、贫困程度深的区域。但它有着非常丰富的自然生态和民俗风情旅游资源,旅游业有着其他产业所无法比拟的资源优势。近年来,旅游业已成为区域新的经济增长点和国民经济的先导产业,将旅游开发与扶贫有机结合应该成为缓解贫困的有效的途径。但旅游扶贫功效的发挥是有条件的,并不是所有的旅游形式都具有同等的扶贫功效。为此文章论述了有利于贫困缓解的旅游发展战略。  相似文献   

Addressing Scottish rural fuel poverty through a regional industrial symbiosis strategy for the Scottish forest industries sector     

Barbara Illsley  Bill Lynch 《Geoforum》2007,38(1):21-32

Tackling fuel poverty is central to the delivery of the Scottish Executive’s commitment to social justice. Many Scottish rural households are not linked into the mains gas network and rely on expensive alternatives, despite being surrounded by plentiful supplies of low-cost renewable wood biomass. A regional study was undertaken to establish the potential market for pelletised wood fuel, available as a low-value by-product from the rapidly expanding Scottish forest industry sector. The wider implications of the research findings are analysed by extending the principles of industrial symbiosis from a site-specific to a regional scale. Promoting an indigenous pellet-based wood fuel market for rural Scotland would fulfil important Scottish Executive economic, social and environmental sustainability objectives. Adding off-site social symbiotic elements increases the potential for on-site technical symbiosis in nascent Scottish forest industry clusters. At present, market failure is preventing the realisation of these benefits, and the paper concludes by identifying ways in which market intermediation, through wood fuel energy service companies, might overcome the current barriers to exploiting such symbiosis.  相似文献   

地理空间要素与贫困分布的关系研究——以赫章县为例     

张兰兰  吴启明  申朝永  刘芳  陈砚国 《测绘通报》2021,(12):120-123,129

本文以赫章县为例,以乡镇为研究单元,从地形地貌、土地资源、交通条件等方面构建地理空间要素评价指标。并利用地理探测器、地理加权回归模型等方法,从空间的视角科学分析地理空间要素对贫困化空间分布的影响,揭示了贫困程度与资源环境的空间分布规律,为实现因地制宜、精准脱贫,以及巩固脱贫摘帽成果提供了决策参考。  相似文献