A 3D finite element simulation model for TBM tunnelling in soft ground     

Thomas Kasper  Günther Meschke 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2004,28(14):1441-1460

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岷江上游叠溪古滑坡坝—堰塞湖研究进展     

范宣梅  戴岚欣  钟育瑾  李婧娟  王兰生 《地学前缘》2021,28(2):71-84

四川岷江上游叠溪发育有一套厚度超过200 m、保存较为完整的湖相沉积,被定名为叠溪古堰塞湖相沉积,其形成于距今30 ka前,存活了约15 ka,因此记录了青藏高原东缘晚更新世—全新世(包括末次冰期)的重大地质与环境事件。现有研究初步揭示了古堰塞的沉积特征,但对叠溪古滑坡及古堰塞湖形成与演化的系统研究还十分不足。本文通过详细的野外调查,结合现代遥感测绘技术(无人机载LiDAR),构建叠溪古滑坡的三维地质模型,研究了其地质与地貌特征。同时,采用高密度电阻率法ERT,在滑坡体上布设2条长870 m和990 m的测线,探明了滑坡体内部结构特征。通过古堰塞湖相沉积露头和钻孔的调查,结合激光粒度测试,重建了古堰塞湖的范围、规模与沉积特征。在此基础上,通过对古湖相沉积坡面上多级阶地的分析,初步探讨了古堰塞湖的消亡及其对下游史前古聚落变迁的影响。研究结果表明,叠溪古滑坡不仅完全堵塞岷江而且还堵塞了对岸支沟,堆积体方量达到(1 400~2 000)×10⁶ m³。古堰塞湖在滑坡坝后向上游延伸26 km,所形成的最大湖面覆盖面积约21.4 km²,库容蓄水量约1 670×10⁶ m³。叠溪古滑坡-堰塞湖在岷江上游形成了陡峭的河道裂点(Knickpoint),对山区河道与地貌演化具有长期影响。  相似文献   

Model for degradation‐induced settlements as part of a coupled landfill model          下载免费PDF全文

S. Bente  V. Krase  U. Kowalsky  D. Dinkler 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(12):1390-1410

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拟建深基坑降水试验岩土工程分析     

吴权  费廷玉 《上海国土资源》2006,(1):37-40

通过对上海轨道交通9号线宜山路车站深基坑降水试验结果分析,得到不同土层受降水影响的岩土工程特征,并对个别土层的实测沉降与由室内试验参数进行估算的沉降进行比较,以获得真实的沉降影响状况,指导深基坑的设计和施工。  相似文献   

Image Sources for Informal Settlement Management     

S. O. Mason  & C. S. Fraser 《The Photogrammetric Record》1998,16(92):313-330

Informal settlements are a common feature of developing countries. In South Africa the improvement of living conditions in these settlements and the upgrading to formal housing types are regarded as being of central importance to the nation's development. Effective settlement improvement and upgrading activities, which we here term "management", require adequate spatial data. To date, the acquisition of spatial models of informal settlements has been based on conventional mapping techniques, and mostly on photogrammetry. Data are compiled using analogue or analytical methods. These are manual and hence require both considerable expertise and expensive equipment. Moreover, these methods are uneconomical over the often relatively small, densely populated areas covered by informal settlements and are also too expensive to employ with a regularity required to support such tasks as change detection. Alternative imaging sources and mapping techniques are therefore needed.
In this article we examine the problem of spatial information acquisition for informal settlement management from three perspectives: spatial information requirements, the role which imagery can play in satisfying these spatial information requirements, and effective imaging options. We focus on the potential of high resolution satellite imaging, small format digital aerial imagery and digital multispectral video systems for rapid mapping. We also discuss the example of automated shack extraction from aerial imagery.  相似文献   

传统村落人居环境转型的系统特征、研究趋势与框架   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曾灿  刘沛林  李伯华 《地理科学进展》2022,41(10):1926-1939

传统村落作为中国乡村转型发展研究的重要载体之一,其人居环境是村落自然环境选址、空间功能表达、社会文化建构的综合体现,也是传统农耕文明的活态表现。论文通过界定传统村落概念、梳理传统村落人居环境内涵与系统构成、明晰传统村落人居环境转型特征与表现,从系统角度构建传统村落人居环境转型发展的研究范式。结果表明：① 传统村落人居环境转型发展研究可从转型内涵界定、转型系统构成与表现、转型阶段划分与空间分异、转型发展路径与模式等方面展开。② 传统村落人居环境包含主体、空间、功能3个维度,自然生态、社会文化、产业经济、地域空间、多元主体5大子系统,其各子系统转型互为依存又各有侧重,需分类施策。③ 自然生态、地域空间系统是传统村落人居环境转型传统研究范式,属于对“原生物质空间”的研究;社会文化、多元主体、产业经济系统为新近研究范式,属于对“建构性物质空间”的研究;基于问题、目标、需求导向,从系统角度综合研究转型发展则是未来人居环境研究的新趋势。  相似文献   

Classification and detection of dominant factors in geospatial patterns of traditional settlements in China     

Wu  Shaolin  Di  Baofeng  Ustin  Susan L.  Stamatopoulos  Constantine A.  Li  Jierui  Zuo  Qi  Wu  Xiao  Ai  Nanshan 《地理学报(英文版)》2022,32(5):873-891

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The geospatial distribution pattern in traditional Chinese settlements (TCSs) reflects the traditional harmony between humans and nature, which has been learned...  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1982,34(4):458-490

Books reviewed in this article: Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing. Terrain Analysis and Remote Sensing . JOHN R. G. TOWNSHEND , ed. Environmental Data Use in Computer-assisted Data Handling Systems: The Results of a Survey of Applications in the Pacific Northwest States . KENNETH E. GORDON . Applied Land Use: A Spatial Approach . JOHN F. LOUNSBURY , LAWRENCE M. SOMMERS , AND EDWARD A. FERNALD , eds. The Second Battle of New Orleans: A History of the Vieux Carre Riverfront-Expressway Controversy . RICHARD O. BAUMBACH , JR. AND WILLIAM E. BORAH . Cultural Environmental Archaeology . MYRA SHACKLEY . The Immoral landscape: Female Prostitution in Western Societies . RICHARD SYMANSKI . life Among the Poor in Cairo . UNNI WIKAN , translated by Ann Henning. Women, Work and Property in Northwest India . URSULA SHARMA . The Domestication of Women: Discrimination in Developing Societies . BARBARA ROGERS Economic Optimization in Locational and Transport Analysis . A. G. WILSON , J. D. COELHO , S. M. MACGILL , H. C. W. L. WILLIAMS . New Tools for Economic Development: The Enterprise Zone, Development Bank, and RFC . GEORGE STERNLIEB AND DAVID LISTOKIN , eds. Regional Wage Inflation . R. L. MARTIN , ed. Finding A Place For Energy-Siting Coal Conversion Facilities . FRANK J. CALZONETTI WITH MARK S. ECKERT . Environmental Management, Resources, and Systems Environmentalism. Second Edition . T. O'RIORDAN . Countryside Conservation . BRYN GREEN . Medical Spatial Diffusion: An Historical Geography of Epidemics in an Island Community . A. D. CLIFF , P. HAGGETT , J. K. ORD , AND G. R. VERSEY . Philosophy and Geographic Thought Order and Skepticism: Human Geography and the Dialectic of Science . RICHARD SZYMANSKI AND JOHN A. AGNEW . Measurement of Subjective Phenomena . D. F. JOHNSTON , ed. Conceptions of Space in Social Thought: A Geographic Perspective . ROBERT DAVID SACK . The Association of American Geographers: The First Seventy-five Years: 1904-1979 . PRESTON E. JAMES AND GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . The Life and Thought of Isaiah Bowman . GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . Physical River Basin Planning: Theory and Practice . SURANJIT K. SAHA AND CHRISTOPHER J. BARROW , eds. Soils and landforms: An Integration of Ceomorphology and Pedology . A. I. GERRARD Climatic Change and Society. Consequences of Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide . WILLIAM W. KELLOGG AND ROBERT SCHWARE . Political Political Redistrictings and Geographic Theory . RICHARD L. MORRILL . Population Studies in Spanish American Population History: Dell Plain Latin American Studies NO. 8 . DAVID J. ROBINSON , ed. Population Redistribution in the Midwest . CURTIS C. ROSEMAN , ANDREW J. SOFRANKO , AND JAMES D. WILLIAMS , eds. Geographical Perspectives on the Elderly . A. M. WARNES , ed. Regional Perspective On the American South . MERLE BLACK AND JOHN SHELTON REED , eds. The Prairies and Plains: Prospects for the 80s . JOHN R. ROGGE , ed. Rural Rural Settlement in an Urban World . MICHAEL BUNCE . Social Accident at Three Mile Island: The Human Dimensions . DAVID L. SILLS , C. P. WOLF , AND VIVIEN B. SHELANSKI , eds. The American Small Town: Twentieth-Century Place Images . JOHN JAKLE . Urban A House of My Own . SUSAN LOBO . The City: Patterns and Processes in the Urban Ecosystem . CHRISTOPHER H. EXLINE , GARY L. PETERS , AND ROBERT P. LARKIN . Movement in Cities . P. W. DANIELS AND A. M. WARNES . Urbanization and Urban Planning in Capitalist Society . MICHAEL DEAR AND ALLEN J. SCOT , eds.  相似文献   

EMPLOYMENT DATA AND THE CLASSIFICATION OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS     

Gordon F. Mulligan  Richard W. Reeves 《The Professional geographer》1986,38(4):349-358

Classifications of urban settlements have traditionally used total employment data in place of basic (export-oriented) employment data. While urban analysis agree upon the superiority of basic employment data for these classifications, usually only total employment data are available. This paper uses the Arizona Community Data Set, a unique survey-generated body of information that describes the major economic characteristics of numerous Southwestern communities and includes both basic and total employment data, to explore the extent to which misclassification results when using total employment data.  相似文献   

Evaluation of superficial settlements in low overburden tunnel TBM excavation: Numerical approaches     

Dotting?L.?MancinelliEmail author 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2005,23(3):263-271

In this paper the problem of the superficial settlements related to tunnel mechanised excavation is analysed considering a low overburden application example. The excavation of tunnels in urban areas has actually important diffusion. This kind of work always implies to guarantee the safety and the stability of the existing superficial structures. The use of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) represents a good method in these conditions and the estimation of the induced settlement represents a difficult engineering problem. The study shows the differences between three different numerical approaches; the results, function of the same loss of volume, evidence from a quantitative point of view, the ground settlement.  相似文献