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1.
通过将车流量的增大或减小转化为路长权重的变化。将交通流量的动态问题转化为静态问题,用解决最短路问题的Dijkstra方法,给出交通流量实时最优控制的可行性模型及其有效算法。 相似文献
2.
Concern for natural hazard-triggered technological disasters (Natech disasters) in densely populated and industrialized areas
is growing. Residents living in urban areas subject to high natural hazard risk are often unaware of the potential for secondary
disasters such as hazardous materials releases from neighboring industrial facilities, chemical storage warehouses or other
establishments housing hazardous materials. Lessons from previous disasters, such as the Natech disaster during the Kocaeli
earthquake in Turkey in 1999 call for the need to manage low frequency/high consequence events, particularly in today’s densely
populated areas. However, there is little guidance available on how local governments and communities can assess Natech risk.
To add to the problem, local governments often do not have the human or economic resources or expertise to carry out detailed
risk assessments. In this article, we propose a methodology for preliminary assessment of Natech risk in urban areas. The
proposed methodology is intended for use by local government officials in consultation with the public. The methodology considers
possible interactions between the various systems in the urban environment: the physical infrastructure (e.g., industrial
plants, lifeline systems, critical facilities), the community (e.g., population exposed), the natural environment (e.g., delicate
ecosystems, river basins), and the risk and emergency management systems (e.g., structural and nonstructural measures). Factors
related to vulnerability and hazard are analyzed and qualitative measures are recommended. Data from hazardous materials releases
during the Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake of August 17, 1999 are used as a case study to demonstrate the applicability of the
methodology. Limitations of the proposed methodology are discussed as well as future research needs.
相似文献
Norio OkadaEmail: |
3.
研究了青岛市南、市北、四方三区交警在服用排铅奶粉(LeadExcretingMilkPow-der,LEMP)前后,体内粪铅含量变化情况。实验结果表明,服用LEMP后,粪铅含量先呈上升趋势,达到最高值后,又呈下降趋势。在整个实验过程中,粪铅含量四方区最高,而市南区最低。服用LEMP前,三区交警粪铅平均含量为0.687mg/kg,服用7d后达到峰值(1.96mg/kg,P<0.01),第15d降到1.61(mg/kg)(P<0.05),表明LEMP能排除体内铅起到预防铅中毒的作用 相似文献
4.
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs) are a tool designed to protect vulnerable marine areas from vessel-source pollution through measures approved by the governing body, the International Maritime Organisation. Recent developments triggered by the proposal to designate, amongst others, a large part of the Western European Atlantic a PSSA have brought the instrument to a decisive stage. Although the proposal appears to be lawful, its implications for the concept, which this paper seeks to assess, are questionable. The significance of the instrument is at risk if it is overused. As a consequence, new protective mechanisms should be contemplated. 相似文献
5.
This work aims at contributing to improve knowledge on transient asymmetric flooding through theoretical and experimental research. First, a time domain theoretical model of ship motions and flooding is described. Results from experimental work are presented evidencing that transient asymmetric flooding may cause the capsizing of a Ro-Ro shaped barge. The theoretical model is used to predict the capsize of the Ro-Ro shaped barge. Reasonable agreement between experimental and theoretical results was found. Finally, a review of the European Gateway accident is given and the theoretical model is applied to the study of this type of accident. The conclusion is that this theoretical model, together with an accurate modelling of the flooding of machinery compartments, reproduces successfully the capsizing of the European Gateway due to transient asymmetric flooding. Therefore, the internal arrangement of Ro-Ro ships should be carefully studied at the design stage in order to avoid this phenomenon. 相似文献
6.
7.
智能交通系统中的公交车辆指挥调度体系结构 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
该文阐述公交智能指挥调度系统总体框架,结合智能交通系统ITS(Intelligent Transport Systems)对公交智能化调度的逻辑结构和物理结构要求,分析公交车辆智能化调度系统结构体系及其模型化,探讨智能调度策略和调度机理。根据该系统总体设计框架构思,了解系统各功能间的相互关系,优化公交车辆运营管理模式,以改善现有公交系统的管理水平以及运营效率,为公交指挥调度系统的完善、提高提供可靠技术基础。 相似文献
8.
This paper examines historical and spatial trends in hazardous materials transportation spills from 1971 to 1991. While the number of spills Inc.reased steadily during the 1970s, peaking in 1978–1979, there has been a decline in frequency sInc.e then largely due to modifications in reporting. Monetary damages have the opposite temporal pattern, with major Inc.reases recorded from 1982 onward. Death and injury statistics are more variable. Spatially, accidents are more prevalent in the Rust Belt extending from the Northeast corridor westward to the Great Lakes states, as well as in the Southeast. The greatest potential risk to the public is found in smaller, more densely populated industrial states such as New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland. The spatial distribution, however, has not changed. Potential risk sources (e.g., chemical industry, number of hazardous waste facilities, number of railroad miles) are the best predictors of hazmat Inc.ident frequency. Mitigation efforts (statewide regulatory and/or management policies) also help explain the variability in hazmat Inc.idents. 相似文献
9.
10.
基于武汉市实际的公路交通网,利用Arc GIS空间分析工具和可达性模型,参考武汉市公路网结构,定量分析了武汉旅游景点的可达性及其空间格局。结果表明:景点分布空间上呈现出"大分散,小集中"的特点;武汉市旅游景区可达性呈现由中心向周边递减的圈层分布;区域内景点平均通行时间在0.723 8~3.003 5 h之间,景点可达性系数极差为1.766 6;受旅游景点空间分布、公路网结构及景点知名度的影响,旅游景区可达性空间格局不平衡分布较显著。最后,提出武汉市旅游空间结构优化的相关策略。 相似文献