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1.
In drylands, environmental conditions under shrub canopy differ from those found in open sites. We should expect that microclimate conditions under shrubs with distinct canopy architecture should also be different. Plant Area Index (PAI) of the three most abundant shrubs species (Porlieria chilensis, Adesmia bedwellii and Proustia cuneifolia) in Bosque Fray Jorge National Park, north-central Chile was measured using a Plant Canopy Analyzer. During two years (2004-2005), we recorded the Relative Humidity and Air Temperature underneath and away from the canopy of the shrubs.The three shrub species showed significant differences in PAI. Microclimate at 30 cm and 2 m above the soil in the open conditions were drier and warmer than underneath shrub canopies. Vegetation patches generate moderate microclimate conditions.Canopy structure can buffer climatic variability, contributing to high herbaceous productivity as well as shrub recruitment. Reflecting shrub architecture and observed PAI values, the lowest microclimate variations were observed under the canopies of P. chilensis, followed by P. cuneifolia and finally A. bedwellii. We bring a novel approach quantifying the Plant Area Index instead of the Plant cover and using a low cost method that integrates the distribution of leaves and may be derived from remote sensing products. 相似文献
2.
We examined the monthly shrub use and the thermal utility of the desert shrub, Artemisia monosperma, by the globally endangered Egyptian tortoise, Testudo kleinmanni, in Sinai, Egypt. A. monosperma is a common desert shrub that is often used by the Egyptian tortoise as a refuge. Egyptian tortoises had the highest mean carapace temperature and lowest carapace temperature range during summer months, which coincided with the aestivation period and the Egyptian tortoise's use of larger shrubs. Our results suggest that the thermal characteristics of larger shrubs are important to the microhabitat use of the Egyptian tortoise and likely long-term survival. Larger shrubs were effective as thermal refuges that ameliorated and stabilized micro-climatic variation. Smaller shrubs were not an adequate thermal refuge in the summer because the mean temperature, and its fluctuation range beneath them was too high to offer adequate refuge during aestivation. The tortoises used the smaller shrubs in the fall, winter, and spring seasons for basking, thermoregulation, and concealment and used shrubs with a cover diameter greater than one meter during the aestivation season. The future conservation of the Egyptian tortoise should focus on protecting and restoring existing habitat by maintaining large perennial shrubs for refuge and aestivation sites. 相似文献
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A.N.左洛托克瑞林 《干旱区地理》2007,30(6):797-804
根据揭示沙漠化扩张内在规律的相关气候驱动因子的假说,气候作用影响之下的沙漠化是在具反射率-降水正、负反馈特点的气候系统之中的区域干旱化过程与干旱土壤退化过程相互作用的结果。在辐射调节下的地表下垫面温度占主导的条件下,气候成因的沙漠化是由区域气候系统反馈所形成。正反馈的外部调节因子是降水量的变化和极端降水事件(特别是旱灾)的出现频率,降水量减少以及降水频率的降低直接影响沙漠化的程度。20世纪下半叶,人类因素导致的干旱土地退化作为另外的正反馈调节因子,其重要性正在增加。通常正反馈的扩大趋势会被通过蒸腾而进行的地表温度调节的负反馈所抑制。由正反馈到负反馈的转换是通过地球表面与大气层之间的热量交换的调节所确定的,其中非潜热因子处于增加状态。上述情况在反射率和地表温度同时增加的条件下发生。在超出绿色植物生物量及其NDVI指数阈值的条件下,负反馈向正反馈的转换就会发生。人为作用导致的植被退化加快了向绿色植物生物量阈值逼近的进程,从而引起气候因素驱动的沙漠化扩大。一个主要由气候因素影响的荒漠化区域,在大多数情况下,其绿色生物量均在季节变化和年际变化中达到了阈值。在中度的人为影响的植被退化条件下,这些地域一般都包括部分干旱与半干旱土地。然而有时,人类活动也会导致干旱的半湿润土地退化。本文运用Turan和Sahel地区1982-2001年NDVI指数的监测结果,分析了全球变暖和人为作用导致的土地退化。 相似文献
5.
Climate data from 339 meteorological stations collected from the 1950s to the early 2000s was employed to discuss aeolian activity in arid and semiarid northern China. The results show that at decadal time scales, erosivity varied greatly in this region. Most of arid and semiarid northern China was characterised by environments with moderate to low wind energy. After the 1980s, the erosivity was only 20 to 50% of that beforehand, and this difference had a significant impact on the environmental changes observed during the two periods. The dune mobility index was consistent with the observed dune activity. After the 1980s dune activity decreased and in some deserts with vegetated dune systems during the 1970s most of the dune plinths were active until the 1980s, after which only the crests were active. Some mobile dunes that had developed at the margins of mobile deserts were replaced by semi-anchored or anchored dunes. Because most desert areas with vegetated dune systems in arid and semiarid northern China are used for farming or grazing, the results of our monitoring show that the desertification trends were consistent with the trends in erosivity and dune activity in this region. Desertification was controlled much more by climatic changes than has previously been acknowledged, and especially by fluctuations in wind energy. 相似文献
6.
以河南省郑州市为例,利用RS、GIS软件对1993年和2003年两时次TM、ETM 影像进行遥感解译,采用GIS空间分析和数理统计分析等方法,研究了10 a来该市土地利用变化过程尤其是土地沙化的变化过程及其社会经济驱动机制。结果表明:10 a来,西部山区、东部沙化地区以及黄河沿岸地区土地利用类型的变化比较大,特别是东部地区用地变化比较剧烈;旱地、草地、工交建设用地面积明显增加,沙化土地、水田、林地、水体面积呈现减少的趋势;沙化现象得到了有效遏制,草地面积的增加,改善了研究区的生态环境。此外,林地面积的大量减少,应引起重视,可实行退耕还林或植树造林以建立良好的生态环境。 相似文献
7.
基于MapObjects的阜新市荒漠化土地信息系统的设计与实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用阜新地区荒漠化土地详查数据,采用VB编程语言和MapObjects组件开发了阜新市荒漠化土地信息系统。文中对该系统的开发环境与数据处理、系统数据库设计、主体结构等作了阐述,并介绍了该系统的功能,为荒漠化土地监测和规划提供辅助决策手段。 相似文献
8.
The degree to which dust emissions are controlled by geomorphic conditions, wind environments and land use was investigated using the dust storm frequency (DSF) and data from more than 300 meteorological stations throughout northern China. Our analysis showed that most dust emissions originated in gobi deserts that developed in piedmont alluvial fans of the Kunlun, Qilian and Helan mountains. Dust emissions are low from other gobi desert regions, such as the northern Gurbantunggut and eastern Taklimakan, where high vegetation coverage restrained dust emissions or where dust-size particles are not abundant after a long period of strong wind erosion. Sandy deserts with relatively high vegetation coverage or an extensive cover by mobile sands are not a major dust source. Although the highest dust emissions did not appear in regions with the highest wind energy, DSF trends in each region from 1960 to 2003 were closely related to local wind activity. DSF was low in regions with high levels of human activity, where the mean DSF from 1960 to 2003 did not exceed 4 days/year; even from the 1960s to the early 1970s, the period with the greatest DSF, frequency did not exceed 8 days/year, which indicates that extensive land use did not contribute to DSF. The low DSF in these areas might result from the fact that although land use could produce abundant fine soil fractions, vegetation coverage and soil moisture remained higher than in the gobi deserts of arid China, thereby decreasing dust-storm occurrence. 相似文献
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利用1961~2000年中国东北地区80个测站的月降水和平均气温资料，通过计算地表最大潜在蒸发、地表干燥度指数和地表水分盈亏量，分析了东北地区及其7个不同气候区域地表干湿状况的时空分布规律及其变化趋势，并探讨了它与降水和气温的关系。结果表明，东北地区及其不同区域的地表干湿状况不仅具有较大的地域差别和年际及年代际变率，而且存在着明显的阶段性和低频变化特征，特别是20世纪90年代中期以来，东北地区呈现出较强的变干倾向，并且由于气温升高所导致的潜在蒸发的加大与降水一样对这一变干倾向也有十分重要的影响。 相似文献