丽江市地质灾害易发性遥感影像判译   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

JIANG Qin  杨世瑜 《云南地质》2008,27(1):114-119

丽江市地质灾害多发,在滇西北旅游城市中较典型。应用遥感技术对丽江市地质灾害易发性的遥感研究,可突破传统方法,发挥宏观、综合、直观、快速特点,取得较好效果。  相似文献   

Archaeoseismic record at the ancient Roman City of Baelo Claudia (Cádiz, south Spain)     

P.G. Silva  F. Borja  C. Zazo  J.L. Goy  T. Bardají  L. De Luque  J. Lario  C.J. Dabrio 《Tectonophysics》2005,408(1-4):129

This study represents the first paleoseismic approach in Spain in which archaeological remains are considered. The ancient Roman city of Baelo Claudia (1st–4th centuries AD), located at the axial zone of the Gibraltar Strait (Cadiz, south Spain), contains abundant disrupted architectural relics and ground collapses (i.e. landsliding, liquefacion) probably related to historic earthquake damage of intensity IX–X MSK. The archaeological stratigraphy of the city evidence two major episodes of abrupt city destruction bracketed in AD 40–60 and AD 350–395 separated by an intervening horizon of demolition for city rebuilding, otherwise characteristic for many earthquake-damaged archaeological sites in the Mediterranean. The second episode led the eventual city abandonment, and it is evidenced by good examples of column collapse, distortion, failure and breakdown of house and city walls, and pavement warping and disruptions documented during different archaeological excavations, which can be catalogued as secondary coseismic effects. Main damaged relicts observable today are the set of pop-up like arrays and warping developed in the ancient Roman pavement. Their analysis indicate an anomalous westwards ground displacement oblique to the main gentle southward slope of the topography, as also evidence failures, collapses and breakdown of walls and columns, suggesting that stress acted in a broad SW–NE/WSW–ENE orientation consistent whit the expectable motion along the largest NE–SW strike-slip faults of the zone, which in turn can be catalogued as seismic sources of moderate events (ca. 5 mb). Major disruptions and city abandonment were hesitantly related to relatively far strong earthquakes occurred during the late 4th century AD in the Mediterranean or western coast of Iberia by Menanteau et al. [Menanteau, L., Vanney, J.R., Zazo, C., 1983. Belo II : Belo et son environment (Detroit de Gibraltar), Etude physique d'un site antique. Pub. Casa de Velazquez, Serie Archeologie 4., Ed. Broccard, París.]. However, this study indicates that the occurrence of close moderate earthquakes jointly with the unstable character of the ground at the zone (site effect) is a more reliable hypothesis to explain the observed deformations.  相似文献   

SEAWAT 2000: modelling unstable flow and sensitivity to discretization levels and numerical schemes     

A. Al-Maktoumi  D. A. Lockington  R. E. Volker 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(6):1119-1129

A systematic analysis shows how results from the finite difference code SEAWAT are sensitive to choice of grid dimension, time step, and numerical scheme for unstable flow problems. Guidelines to assist in selecting appropriate combinations of these factors are suggested. While the SEAWAT code has been tested for a wide range of problems, the sensitivity of results to spatial and temporal discretization levels and numerical schemes has not been studied in detail for unstable flow problems. Here, the Elder-Voss-Souza benchmark problem has been used to systematically explore the sensitivity of SEAWAT output to spatio-temporal resolution and numerical solver choice. A grid size of 0.38 and 0.60% of the total domain length and depth respectively is found to be fine enough to deliver results with acceptable accuracy for most of the numerical schemes when Courant number (Cr) is 0.1. All numerical solvers produced similar results for extremely fine meshes; however, some schemes converged faster than others. For instance, the 3rd-order total variation-diminishing method (TVD3) scheme converged at a much coarser mesh than the standard finite difference methods (SFDM) upstream weighting (UW) scheme. The sensitivity of the results to Cr number depends on the numerical scheme as expected.  相似文献   

斜压气流中波包的演变及其对外压不稳定波的激发     

王兴宝  吕克利 《气象学报》1996,54(1):2-17

把斜压气流中的短波槽看成波包，并把波包作为准地转模式的初值进行研究，发现波包的结构对其演变有重要影响，初始阶段急流轴下面向西倾斜的波包能够获得较快的发展，而向东倾斜的波包则是衰减的，这与ＷＫＢＪ方法得出的结论［１］是一致的，但是无论西倾还是东倾的波包，除了其自身随时间的演变外，还会激发出斜压不稳定波动，而且随着扰动的发展，不稳定斜压波会逐步在扰动中占主导地位。由此可以解释某些中纬度气旋的发生发展问题。  相似文献   

2004年初春武汉机场临近的两次强雷暴天气过程分析     

黄艳芳 《湖北气象》2007,26(1):73-77

使用常规地面和高空原始报文资料,采用最优插值法,对2004年4月29日出现在武汉天河机场临近的两次强雷暴天气过程进行了客观诊断分析。结果表明:两次强雷暴天气,前一次为典型的飑线天气过程,后一次为超级雷暴单体天气过程;高空槽、冷锋、中尺度低值系统是当天两次强雷暴天气的触发机制;低空深厚湿层(水汽丰富)、高低空存在急流强风带对当日飑线天气的形成和发展较为有利,强的不稳定层结、强的环境风垂直切变以及上层干、下层湿的湿度层结对当天超级雷暴单体的形成和发展十分有利。  相似文献   

关岭县沙营乡槽子六村一带崩塌（危岩带）特征及防治对策     

段方情  朱要强  刘勇 《城市地质》2014,(2):43-46

关岭县北部岗乌永窝大寨6.28特大滑坡碎屑流灾害,造成99人死亡及失踪。通过调查类似地质条件下该地区地质灾害隐患分布情况。以该地区大田小学崩塌为代表分析该类型危岩带形成的原因及形成机理,分析了危岩体稳定性及发展趋势,并运用rockfail软件对滚石运动路径、影响范围、弹跳高度、运动能量做了分析。结合该地区自然条件,提出了相应的防治建议。对该地区类似崩塌（危岩）的防治,有一定的借鉴作用。  相似文献   

Unstable flow in layered soils: A review     

Daniel Hillel 《水文研究》1987,1(2):143-147

Release of water from the soil in the process of internal drainage, and its continued downward movement through the vadose zone, constitute the main mechanism of groundwater recharge. Water released from the soil generally contains solutes, and these are conveyed to the groundwater via the same pathways as the drained water. Knowledge of those pathways is essential in any attempt to minimize the likelihood of groundwater pollution. Solutes generally interact with the medium in which they reside or travel, and the spatial and temporal pattern of their movement influences the nature and extent of their interactions. For many years, the assumption had prevailed that flow in the vadose zone is a steady-state, uniform process. Hence the vadose zone can serve to filter, attenuate, as well as degrade, potential pollutants. Recently, however, the existence of preferred pathways has come to light. Such pathways might connect the soil's upper zone directly to the water-table, thus bypassing the greater volume of the vadose zone and evading its filtering mechanisms. Groundwater recharge models that ignore the possibility of such spurts of contamination may be highly misleading. Preferred flow path may be cracks, animal burrows, or decayed root channels. Less easily discernible are transient and random paths associated with the phenomenon of ‘unstable flow’, which is most likely to occur in layered soils during infiltration. The wetting front, instead of remaining horizontal and advancing continuously from one layer to the next, may begin (particularly in transition from a fine-textured to a coarse-textured layer) to form bulges, called ‘fingers’, which propagate downwards and may become, in effect, vertical pipes. At present we are aware only of the occasional occurrence and potential importance of such phenomena, but as yet have neither the systematic empirical data, nor a proven comprehensive theoretical framework, by which to assess where, when, and according to what pattern, they are likely to occur.  相似文献   

台风中涡旋波1波扰动的形成机制及其变化特征     

陶建军  胡向辉  李朝奎 《气象学报》2012,70(6):1200-1206

通常将台风中的螺旋云带看成是一种称为涡旋罗斯贝波的波动,双臂对应的切向波数为2,单臂对应的切向波数为1,目前这种波动发生发展的物理机制仍不很清楚,值得进一步研究.利用柱坐标下的正压流体涡度方程,研究了台风中涡旋罗斯贝波1波扰动的正压不稳定性及发展变化问题.结果表明,当基本流径向涡度梯度小于0时,由于涡度扰动的速度场对于基本涡度场的平流效应,1波(m=1)扰动可从基本流吸取能量而出现不稳定快速增长.但由于扰动旋臂的缠卷作用,径向速度将很快变小,因此,不稳定增长将受到一定的时间限制;波动的发展速度与半径有关,中心附近的波动先发展且向外传播,距中心较远的波动稍后发展.整体上看,波动由中心向外扩展,大尺度台风的螺旋云带比小尺度台风的螺旋云带发展更快.  相似文献   

西南地区两次典型大暴雨环境场的对比分析     

易升杰  郑飞  肖天贵 《气候与环境研究》2019,24(1):73-85

四川盆地位于青藏高原的东侧,受其地理位置的影响,该地区的天气和气候复杂多变。尤其暴雨预报,是气象工作者一直面临的难题。本文利用欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA-Interim再分析资料、格点化的降水资料（CN05.1）以及常规气象观测站探空资料,从环流背景、水汽条件、动力和热力条件对比分析了2015年夏季四川盆地7月13~15日（"7.13"过程）和8月16~18日（"8.16"过程）两次暴雨过程的环境场,以期加深对四川盆地暴雨机制的认识。结果表明:1）相对稳定的大尺度环流形势为两次大暴雨发生发展提供了有利的背景场。2）两次过程均存在明显的高空急流和低空急流,并且"8.16"过程高空急流明显强于"7.13"过程,这也是两次过程降水强度存在明显差异的原因之一。"7.13"过程主要以低空北向急流输送孟加拉湾水汽到四川南部;"8.16"过程低空急流输送孟加拉湾水汽受四川东北部、重庆上空西南涡影响,主要以气旋性环流输送水汽到暴雨上空。3）从暴雨预报的指示意义上分析,两次暴雨过程大气均处于不稳定状态,假相当位温对于暴雨的强度和落区有较好指示。位涡扰动向低层传输,位涡的增大预示着强降水的发生。  相似文献   

天然状态与饱和状态下的不稳定斜坡危险性对比分析     

翟淑花  齐干  丁桂伶 《城市地质》2012,7(2):37-41

本文依据北京市房山区史家营乡大村涧村的调查成果,借助于有限元分析软件,建立居住区附近影响范围内的边坡三维工程地质力学模型和弹塑性模型,利用有限差分法分析,对单一矸石堆边坡和矸石-岩土混合型边坡,进行计算分析,对比分析了这两种边坡在天然状态下与饱和状态下的安全系数,最终进行了边坡危险性评价。  相似文献