Study on Water Internal Recycle Process and Mechanism in Typical Mountain Areas of Inland Basins,Northwest China: Progress and Challenge     

Yongjian Ding  Shiqiang Zhang 《地球科学进展》2018,33(7):719-728

The water resource and its change of mountainous area are very important to the oasis economic system and ecosystem in the arid areas of northwest China. Accurately understanding the water transfer and circulation process among vegetation, soil, and atmosphere over different hydrological units in mountainous areas such as snow and ice, cold desert, forest and grassland is the basic scientific issue of water research in cold and arid regions, which is also the basis of water resource delicacy management and regulation. There are many research results on the hydrological function of different land covers in mountain areas, basin hydrological processes, however, there are only very limited studies on the water internal recycle at basin scale. The quantitative study on the mechanism of water internal recycle is still at the starting stage, which faces many challenges. The key project “Study on water internal recycle processes and mechanism in typical mountain areas of inland basins, Northwest China” funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China will select the Aksu River and Shule River Basin, which have better observation basis, as study area. The internal mechanism of moisture transfer and exchange process of different land cover and atmosphere, the internal mechanism of water cycle in the basin, and water transfer paths in atmosphere will be studied through enhancing runoff plot experiments on different land cover, analyzing the mechanism of water vapor transfer and exchange between different land covers in the watershed by isotope tracing on the water vapor flux of vegetation water, soil moisture and atmospheric moisture, improving the algorithms of remote sensing inversion and ground verification on land surface evapotranspiration on different land cover, and analyzing the water vapor flux from reanalysis data, and the coupling modeling of regional climate model and land surface process model. At last, the effect of different land cover in hydrological process of mountain area, and the impact of land cover on downstream oasis will be systematically analyzed.  相似文献   

利用深度学习融合NWP和多源观测数据的闪电落区短时预报方法     

周康辉  郑永光  王婷波 《气象学报》2021,79(1):1-14

强对流短时预报（2—6 h）具有较大难度。一方面,基于观测数据的外推已基本不可用;另一方面,高分辨率数值模式（High-resolution Numerical Weather Prediction,HNWP）的预报性能有待提升。利用深度学习方法,将卫星、雷达、云-地闪电（简称闪电）等观测数据和高分辨率数值模式预测数据进行融合,得到更有效的闪电落区短时预报结果。基于多源观测数据和高分辨率数值天气预报数据的特性,构建了一个双输入单输出的深度学习语义分割模型（LightningNet-NWP）,使用了包括闪电密度、雷达组合反射率拼图、卫星成像仪6个红外通道,以及GRAPES_3km模式预报的雷达组合反射率等共9个预报因子。深度学习模型使用了编码-解码的经典全卷卷积结构,并使用池化索引共享的方式,尽可能保留不同尺度特征图上的细节特征信息;利用三维卷积层提取观测数据时间和空间上的变化特征。结果表明,LightningNet-NWP能够较好地实现0—6 h的闪电落区预报,具备比单纯使用多源观测数据、高分辨率数值模式预报数据更好的预报结果。深度学习能够有效实现多源观测数据和数值天气预报数据的融合,在2—6 h时效预报效果优于单独使用观测数据或数值天气预报数据;预报时效越长,融合的优势体现得越明显。   相似文献   

南海海洋地磁固定观测站建设初步研究     

魏巍  马媛  汤民强  陈坤  彭聪  王伟平  殷征欣  李正元 《海洋技术学报》2019,38(5)

为填补我国海洋地磁固定观测的空白,支撑科学研究、防灾减灾、海洋资源开发,维护国家的海洋权益和履行我国在南海海域负有的国际责任,急需在南海建设岛礁和海底地磁固定观测站。通过初步分析国外海洋地磁观测站案例、南海岛礁基础设施现状以及海底观测网计划实施情况,认为南海海洋地磁固定观测站建设的条件已经成熟。文中给出了合理空间布局、分步实施、因地制宜及智能化观测的建议。  相似文献   

GM4磁通门磁力仪的供电设备对观测数据的影响     

张锦玲  陈俊  孙鸿博  邓娜  李西京  汪继林  李雪华 《高原地震》2011,23(4):48-51

通过对我国GM4磁通门磁力仪使用的各种电源设备所产出的观测数据动态曲线的对比研究,认为电源设备对观测数据的影响不容忽视,市电结合UPS方式是最为合适的供电选择。  相似文献   

祁连山夏季地形云综合探测试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑国光  陈跃  陈添宇  陈乾  朱君鉴  李照荣 《地球科学进展》2011,26(10):1057-1070

2006年和2007年夏季在祁连山冷龙岭西段开展了地形云云量、云状、大气水汽、风场、雨滴谱和雨强等的综合探测试验,以分析祁连山地形云的特征。结果表明：①祁连山区夏季云量丰富,平均云量在6成以上。西南气流天气背景下总云量多达8成;②祁连山夏季无降水日大气水汽非常少,700 hPa以上层大气相对湿度大多在20%以下;③西南气流背景下祁连山南北侧山谷风的共同作用,气流昼间向山顶辐合,夜间向山谷辐散,当水汽条件充足时,极易抬升形成可以产生降水的地形云;④祁连山降水主要由小于1 mm的雨滴组成。  相似文献   

山西临汾中心地震台水平摆倾斜仪对全省及周边地区地震的异常响应     

张红秀  郭国祥  郭林旺  罗振东 《山西地震》2011,(4):1-4

2009年至今,山西境内及周边地区相继发生多次有感地震,文章着重分析几次地震前临汾台水平摆观测资料出现的异常变化和同震响应能力,并对资料在映震中存在的相关问题进行探讨,为准确利用水平摆资料预测、预报地震提供依据。  相似文献   

甘肃嘉峪关地震台大地电场观测数据干扰分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张彩艳  赵洁  雷功明  程鹏  曹喜  赵月梅 《山西地震》2011,(4):25-28

文章对甘肃嘉峪关地震台2001年至2009年以来大地电场分钟值资料做了全面的分析和整理。对造成观测资料相关性低的电暴（磁暴）、人类活动、雷电、降水、观测系统本身变化（包括更换电极）、电阻率测量、公用接地网等干扰因素进行分析,并做出相关的解释。这将对分析和运用地电场资料进行地震预报有一定的意义。  相似文献   

前兆波及其地震预测意义     

杨军  田韬  卢永 《中国地震》2011,27(2):113-125

通过回顾自20世纪60年代以来地震前兆波的研究与地震预测实践的进展情况,分析利用地震前兆波进行地震预测研究所取得的一些有意义的进展及其在科学上面临的困难,分别对前兆波及其定义、前兆波预测大地震事件基本依据、前兆波观测技术概述、前兆波的地震预测意义进行了探讨.文中定义了地震前兆波,以固体均匀弹性中的介质点波动方程和大量震例总结的前兆波阶段性特征,说明利用地震前兆波预测大地震事件具有坚实的理论基础和实践依据.文中阐述了前兆波观测技术的发展要求,并提出了改变目前的被动观测状况、对观测目标区域发生破坏性地震的短期和临震前兆进行主动观测的科学思路;应强化对地震震源区的观测,利用前兆波携带的信息研究震源及其附近地区的介质参数变化,对实现短临地震预测是有意义的.  相似文献   

浅析山西长治数字测震台网维护工作     

刘庆红 《山西地震》2011,(4):29-31

文章概述了山西长治数字测震台网的系统构成,并对台网的维护工作从维修次数、故障类型等方面进行分析,认为,要保证观测质量必须做好五方面的维护工作。  相似文献   

Linking pesticides and human health: A geographic information system (GIS) and Landsat remote sensing method to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Accurate pesticide exposure estimation is integral to epidemiologic studies elucidating the role of pesticides in human health. Humans can be exposed to pesticides via residential proximity to agricultural pesticide applications (drift). We present an improved geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing method, the Landsat method, to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure through matching pesticide applications to crops classified from temporally concurrent Landsat satellite remote sensing images in California. The image classification method utilizes Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values in a combined maximum likelihood classification and per-field (using segments) approach. Pesticide exposure is estimated according to pesticide-treated crop fields intersecting 500 m buffers around geocoded locations (e.g., residences) in a GIS. Study results demonstrate that the Landsat method can improve GIS-based pesticide exposure estimation by matching more pesticide applications to crops (especially temporary crops) classified using temporally concurrent Landsat images compared to the standard method that relies on infrequently updated land use survey (LUS) crop data. The Landsat method can be used in epidemiologic studies to reconstruct past individual-level exposure to specific pesticides according to where individuals are located.  相似文献