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Jean F. Schneider 《Journal of Seismology》2009,13(3):387-398
The Pakistan 2005 earthquake, of magnitude 7.6, caused severe damage on landscape and infrastructure, in addition to numerous
casualties. The event reactivated Hattian Slide, creating a rock avalanche in a location where earlier mass movements had
happened already, as indicated by satellite imagery and ground investigation. The slide originated on Dana Hill, in the upper
catchment area of Hattian on Karli Stream, a tributary of Jhelum River, Pakistan, and buried the hamlet Dandbeh and several
farms nearby. A natural dam accumulated, impounding two lakes, the larger one threatening parts of downstream Hattian Village
with flooding. An access road and artificial spillways needed to be constructed in very short time to minimize the flooding
risk. As shown by this example, when pointing out the risk of large-scale damage to population and infrastructure by way of
hazard indication maps of seismically active regions, and preparing for alleviation of that risk, it is advisable to consider
the complete Holocene history of the slopes involved. 相似文献
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As there are many heavily sediment-laden rivers in China, with high sediment concentration and a large quantity of sediment
load, the sedimentation problems of the reservoirs built on those rivers are so serious that the amount of sediment deposited
in the reservoirs is great and the rate of sedimentation is accelerated. According to the statistics, up to the end of 1981,
a total amount of 11.5×109m3 of sediment were accumulated in those reservoirs, i.e. 14.2% of the total designed capacity were lost. The average annual
loss in storage capacity reached 2.3 percent, being the highest in the world. Silting of impounding lakes not only has an
effect on the benefits of the reservoirs and seriously threatens the life of reservoirs, but also results in many environmental
problems which were not fully estimated in the planning of the reservoirs. In this paper, the situation of reservoir deposition
in China are described from the following aspects: 1) the characteristics of hydrology and sediment of the rivers; 2) the
seriousness of reservoir sedimentation in China; 3) problems caused by reservoir deposition; 4) the methods of minimizing
sediment deposition, etc. 相似文献
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仙女山断裂北端地块微动态倾斜场变化 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
对周坪定点形变台的资料,利用小波多分辨率分析方法进行了不同频段（周期）的信号识别。结果显示：水管倾斜仪对蓄水效应有较好的响应,主要在数据的长趋势项（周期稍长的细节层）有反映;三峡库区附近的仙女山断裂带的活动发生了一些变化,说明蓄水使库区周围的倾斜场发生了微动态变化。 相似文献
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小浪底水库蓄水运行对矿井水害防治的影响评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
新安煤矿系我国大水矿区,地下水害严重威胁着矿井的安全生产。本文根据大量原始资料,运用灰色系统理论和风险分析理论,讨论了小浪底水库蓄水运行对新安煤矿水害防治所造成的影响,明确指出水库蓄水后矿井突水威胁主要来自断层水及石炭系太原群L7～8岩溶水;煤矿防治水的重点应该是治理L7～8灰岩及矿区边界断层在库区的露头或隐伏露头。 相似文献
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对东川因民铁铜矿区辉长岩类侵入体的侵入构造几何学特征、物质组成和储矿构造样式进行研究,认为侵入构造特征复杂,辉长岩类以岩墙、岩床、岩株、岩枝和岩脉等产出,受落(雪)因(民)复式褶皱-断裂带核部及核部发育的SN向、NE向和NW向断裂控制,辉长岩类侵入体在空间上与铁铜矿体关系密切。从侵入构造中心向外具有三大构造岩相学分带,依次为侵入构造岩相带→热液蚀变角砾岩相带(体)→液压致裂-碎裂岩化相带,即侵入构造带(侵入角砾岩相带+含矿隐爆角砾岩相)→热液角砾岩体(筒)(热液角砾岩相+含矿热液角砾岩相)→断裂裂隙破碎带(含矿液压致裂角砾岩+含铜硫化物脉带)是本区主要含矿构造岩相带,是寻找和预测深部隐伏IOCG型矿体和热液型脉带状铜矿体的直接找矿预测标志。辉长岩类侵入体与落因复式褶皱-断裂带、小溜口岩组与因民组之间不整合面构造等形成了构造复合和储矿构造样式的多样性。本区储矿构造样式主要有辉长岩类侵入构造、隐爆角砾岩筒(带)和钠长石角砾岩筒(带),落因复式褶皱-断裂带与辉长岩类侵入体的复合叠加构造、辉长岩类侵入体与不整合面之间的叠加构造等,控制了不同类型矿化组合和矿床类型(成矿多样性)。在因民铁铜矿区深部小溜口岩组及落因背斜东翼,围绕辉长岩类侵入构造带是今后寻找IOCG矿床的主要靶位。 相似文献
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中国的水库泥沙淤积问题 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16
由于我国有许多河流是含沙最高、输沙量大的多泥沙河流,水库泥沙淤积问题异常严重．主要表现在：淤积数量大,淤积速率快．据统计,截止到1981年底全国水库总淤积量达115×10~8m~3．占统计水库总库容的14．2％．年平均库容损失率达2．3％,高于世界各国．水库的严重淤积,不仅影响水库兴利效益的发挥,严重威胁水库的使用寿命,而且还造成一系列在进行水库规划时未曾充分估计到的环境问题．本文重点从河流水文泥沙特性、我国水库淤积问题的严重性、水库淤积引起的问题及水库防淤减淤措施等4个方面作一较全面的分析和探讨． 相似文献
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�����ܶȱ仯��ά���ݵ��Ŵ��㷨�о� 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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