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1.
Martina A. Doblin Stephen B. Baines Lynda S. Cutter Gregory A. Cutter 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,67(4):681-694
As part of a study of estuarine selenium cycling, we measured the concentration, chemical form (speciation), and distribution of particulate selenium under various river flow conditions in the North San Francisco Bay (from the Golden Gate to the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers). We also conducted laboratory studies on the accumulation of selenium by phytoplankton, the critical first step in the transformation of dissolved to particulate selenium. Total particulate selenium concentration in the North SF Bay was relatively constant between high and low flow periods, ranging spatially from 0.05 to 0.35 nmol l−1 and comprising between 5 and 12% of the total water column selenium inventory. Mean concentrations were generally highest in the Carquinez Strait–Suisun Bay region (salinity 0–17) and lowest in Central Bay. However, selenium content of suspended particles varied with river flow, with higher content during low flow (9.76 ± 4.17 nmol g−1; mean ± sd; n = 67) compared to high flow (7.10 ± 4.24 nmol g−1; n = 39). Speciation analyses showed that most particulate selenium is organic selenide (45 ± 27%), with a smaller proportion (typically <30%) of adsorbed selenite + selenate and a varying proportion (35 ± 28%) of elemental selenium. Based on the amount of elemental selenium in the seston (total suspended material), we calculate that resuspension of estuarine sediments could contribute 29–100% of particulate selenium in the water column. While selenium content of SF Bay seston (>0.4 μm) is relatively unenriched compared to phytoplankton (13.6–155 nmol g−1 dry weight) on a mass basis, when normalized to carbon or nitrogen, seston contains a similar selenium concentration to SF Bay sediments or phytoplankton cultures. SF Bay seston is thus comprised of selenium-rich phytoplankton and phyto-detritus, but also inorganic clay mineral particles that effectively “dilute” total particulate selenium. Selenium concentrations in algal cultures (11 species) exposed to 90 nmol l−1 selenite show relatively large differences in selenium accumulation, with the diatoms, chlorophytes and cryptophytes generally having lower selenium cell content (3.8 ± 2.7 × 10−9 nmol selenium cell−1) compared to the dinoflagellates (193 ± 73 × 10−9 nmol selenium cell−1). Because phytoplankton are such a rich (but variable) source of selenium, their dynamics could have a profound effect on the particulate selenium inventory in the North SF Bay. 相似文献
2.
Variations in the quantity and composition of seston from an estuary in southern Chile on different temporal scales 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
O.R. Chaparro C.J. Segura Y.A. Montiel R.J. Thompson J.M. Navarro 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,76(4):845-860
Estuaries are characterised by highly variable environmental conditions largely driven by tidal and atmospheric forces. This study investigates variation in the physical environment and the composition of the seston on various temporal scales in the Quempillén estuary, southern Chile. The water column was sampled throughout the tidal cycle at various times of the year. Total particulate matter, particulate inorganic matter, particulate organic matter, particle numbers, total particle volume, proximate biochemical composition and energy content of the seston, chlorophyll a and chloropigments were routinely measured. In each of the months in which sampling took place, two or three tidal cycles were examined. The information not only helps to explain the dynamics of the estuary, but is essential for an understanding of the physiology and ecology of the suspension-feeders which exploit the seston as a food source, the most dominant being the gastropod Crepipatella dilatata. Temperature and salinity were generally highest during summer, but seston quality, defined by energy content and biochemical composition (lipid, protein and carbohydrate) was higher at the end of winter and during spring. Chlorophyll a values were greatest in late spring (November). Many of the variables studied changed frequently according to the phase of the tidal cycle, and in several cases significant differences were observed among tidal cycles from the same month of the same year. In general the variables measured did not exhibit consistent patterns linked to the tidal cycle, possibly because any such patterns were masked by atmospheric conditions (wind and rain) that dominate the region and greatly influence the estuary. The quantity and quality of the seston available to suspension-feeders is largely determined by these atmospheric forces, which cause an influx of terrigenous material from adjacent areas and also resuspend bottom sediment. These effects are magnified by the shallowness of the estuary (<2 m depth). The food supply for C. dilatata and other suspension-feeders therefore varies on temporal scales varying from hourly (tidal cycle) to daily/weekly (atmospheric forces) to monthly (seasonal influences), but inhibition of feeding by low salinity sometimes limits the ability of C. dilatata to exploit fully the available organic matter. 相似文献
3.
M. Alber 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2000,50(6):805
Suspended particle dynamics were investigated in the Ogeechee River Estuary during neap tide in July 1996. Samples were operationally separated into ‘ truly suspended ’ (settling velocity <0·006 cm s−1) and ‘ settleable ’ (settling velocity >0·006 cm s−1) fractions over the course of a tidal cycle to determine whether these two fractions were comprised of particles with differing biological and chemical characteristics. Total suspended sediment, organic carbon and nitrogen, chlorophyll a and phaeopigment concentrations were measured in each fraction, as well as rates of bacterial hydrolytic enzyme activity [β-1,4-glucosidase (βGase) and β-xylosidase (βXase)]. The majority of the suspended sediment (by weight) was in the truly suspended fraction; all measured parameters were largely associated with this fraction as well. When compared to the settleable material, the truly suspended material was significantly higher in % POC (5·7±0·6 vs. 3·9±1·8), % chlorophyll (0·07±0·02 vs. 0·03±0·01), % phaeopigment (0·030±0·006 vs. 0·018±0·012), and weight-specific maximal uptake rates (Vmaxper mg suspended sediment) of both enzymes (1·8±0·4 vs. 0·7± 0·2 nmol mg−1 h−1βGase and 1·1±0·3vs . 0·3±0·2 nmol mg−1 h−1βXase), providing clear evidence for a qualitative distinction between the two fractions. These results are interpreted to mean that the more organic-rich, biologically active material associated with the suspended fraction is likely to have a different fate in this Estuary, as ‘ truly suspended ’ sediments will be readily transported whereas ‘ settleable ’ sediments will settle and be resuspended with each tide. These types of qualitative differences should be incorporated into models of particle dynamics in estuaries. 相似文献
4.
In the German State Brandenburg, water clarity and the concentrations of the water quality components chlorophyll a, seston and gelbstoff were measured in 27 lakes. Correlation analysis showed, that spectral beam attenuation at 662 and 514 nm was mainly dependent on changes in chlorophyll a concentrations. In the UV-channel at 360 nm, beam attenuation depended mostly on gelbstoff.
Multiple linear regression provided a direct model of beam attenuation at 514 nm with the inputs of inorganic seston, chlorophyll a and gelbstoff. The specific beam attenuation coefficients were comparable to other natural waters around the world. An inverse model is presented, from which gelbstoff and chlorophyll a could be predicted with some accuracy from the inputs of beam attenuation coefficients at 514 and 360 nm. However, it became obvious that biological variability put major constraints on the predictive capacity of both the direct and the inverse model.
Furthermore, we observed a good correspondence of Secchi depth and the inverse of beam attenuation at 514 nm. The predictions of Secchi depth and chlorophyll a concentration from the inverse model were assessed in perspective of using this instrument instead of laborious chemical analysis for future trophic status classification according to LAWA (Länderarbeitsgemeinschaft Wasser). Predictions of trophic status were principally good when using calibrated models, however, quality of classification critically depended on predictions of chlorophyll a. 相似文献
5.
Salt marsh formation can be initiated by the colonization of bare tidal flats by pioneer halophytes such asSpartina anglica. In the present study, growth ofS. anglicain the edge and centre zones of pioneer patches colonizing a tidal flat in a marine bay in the south-west Netherlands was investigated. Average biomass and shoot length was significantly lower in centre zones than in edge zones of the patches. Multiple linear regression showed that 84% of the variance in aboveground biomass in the centre zones could be explained by sediment phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations. No such relationship existed in the edge zone. This suggests that biomass production in the centre zones of the patches is nutrient limited, but that factors other than sediment nitrogen and phosphorus content determine growth ofSpartinain the edge zones.The sediment nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the centre zones of the patches were significantly related with sediment carbon concentrations, indicating that the pool of particle-bound nutrients in the sediment to an important extent is associated with organic particles. Determination of stable carbon isotope signatures of the sedimentary organic matter showed that an increasing carbon content of the sediment in the centre zone of the patches (and a rise in plant biomass) coincides with a higher contribution of non-Spartinaderived carbon to the sedimentary organic matter pool. Sustained biomass production in the centre zones of the patches, thus, probably depends on deposition of allochthonous organic particles and the nutrient inputs inherent in this process. Due to the construction of large-scale hydro-engineering works, however, conditions for deposition of waterborne particles are currently unfavourable. The consequences of reduced carbon and nutrient inputs into the patches will be particularly in the (older) centre zones, where the nutrient pools in non-refractory organic matter have been drained in the years of previous growth. Accordingly, it is hypothesized that the canopy-enhanced sedimentation for whichSpartinais well- known, via positive feed-back effects on plant growth can be crucial for plant vitality, and, hence, for successful colonization of unvegetated areas. 相似文献
6.
Seasonal meteorological events of high wind energy are important in the export of organic carbon from Biscayne Bay, Florida, by altering circulation and tidal flushing patterns coincident with increased resuspension. The accumulation of detrital organic carbon in the bay during productive summer months with light south-east breezes is reversed by the onset of the winter season and associated weekly cold fronts with sustained 15 knot northerly winds. The reversal of Biscayne Bay circulation patterns and increased discharge at Caesar's Creek result in an outwelling of dissolved organic carbon and particulate organic carbon. Southward advection at the seaward extremes of exchange channels prevents reintroduction of exported organic carbon by tidal currents. 相似文献
7.
Transformation of phosphorus species in settling seston and during early sediment diagenesis 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Sequential P extraction was combined with electron microscop and X-ray spectroscopy to characterise various P species and to study their transformation in settling seston and in recent sediment. During early diagenesis most of the particulate P formed in the water was redissolved. No net transformation into species that would resist dissolution was observed.It was shown that
相似文献
| • | the phosphorus (P) content and the P flux of settling particles varied seasonally over one order of magnitude |
| • | particles became enriched with reductant soluble P (BD-P) while settling through the hypolimnion |
| • | changes in BD-P were highly significantly correlated with changes in reductant soluble iron (BD-Fe) |
| • | bacteria oxidising Fe and Mn seemed to be mainly responsible for this increase in P concentration |
| • | other fractions including organic P did not change during sedimentation |
| • | most of the organic P and of the Fe bound P and 70% of TP was released from the sediment during early diagenesis |
| • | the sediment surface did not act as a trap for P migrating upwards from deeper sediment layers |
| • | CaCO3 sedimentation contributed little to P sedimentation but significantly to the permanent burial of P. |
8.
食物和理化因子对浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
食物质量和数量对浮游动物群落结构的影响在野外研究中较少涉及.本文通过对湖北省境内14个水体的春季采样,分析了食物质量和数量以及理化因子对浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响.结果显示,浮游甲壳动物的密度和生物量以及Daphnia的相对生物量百分比与光照漫射衰减系数(Kd)呈显著负相关,与营养盐和叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度无显著相关性;群落的平均体长随Chl.a浓度的增加而减小.典范对应分析显示,7个因子共解释了优势浮游甲壳动物群落结构变异的37.4%,贡献率排在前4位的是Kd、Chl.a浓度、悬浮物C/N比和C/P比,分别解释了总变异的11.5%、8.9%、5.6%和4.9%.近邻剑水蚤(Cyclops vicinus vicinus)喜好生活在Chl.a浓度高、水下光照弱的水体中,而汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii)喜好生活在水下光照较好、Chl.a浓度和悬浮物C/N比较低的水体中.透明蟤(Daphnia hyalina)喜好生活在Chl.a浓度较低、光照良好、悬浮物C/P比较高的水体中,但简弧象皮蟤(Bosmina coregoni)喜好生活在Chl.a浓度高、光照较好、悬浮物C/P比较低的水体中.整体来看,食物因子解释了群落结构总变异的19.4%,理化因子解释了18.0%,还剩下62.6%的变异未被解释,表明还有其他更为重要的环境因子未被纳入到分析之中. 相似文献
9.
13C uptake experiments were carried out at a station off the west coast of Hokkaido Island, Japan, during the period between late winter and spring bloom in 1997. The composition of newly biosynthesized particulate fatty acids was determined using a 13C tracer and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (13C GC/MS), and compared with that of particulate matter (seston). Two fatty acid compositional ratios revealed that diatoms biomass (16:1(n−7)/16:0, ∑C16/∑C18) were strikingly high in new cells compared with seston on 17 April, coinciding with the dominance of fucoxanthin. In this study, the Polyunsaturation Index (a measure of the percentage of C16 fatty acids that are polyunsaturated) in new cells is generally close to that in seston, while there was a notable discrepancy between new cells and seston in surface (10 m) waters on 17 April. This large difference between new cells and seston is ascribed to: (1) an increase of newly synthesized storage lipids (mainly 16:0 and 16:1) induced by nitrogen limitation in the top 10 m of the water column; (2) an addition of earlier synthesized phytoplankton cells (high Polyunsaturation Index at logarithmic growth stage) and non-phytoplankton components (detritus and bacteria and zooplankton) into seston. The highest Polyunsaturation Index of C16 fatty acids in seston (33%) occurred at 100 m water depth. This may be caused by “settling planktonic aggregates” or “diatom resting spores”. In the present study, it is reasonable to suggest that the Polyunsaturation Index of C16 fatty acids can be a useful indicator for the ecophysiological state of marine diatom populations. 相似文献
10.
P. Pato C. Lopes M. Vlega A.I. Lilleb J.M. Dias E. Pereira A.C. Duarte 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,76(4):787-796
The objective was to estimate the seasonal and inter-tidal variability of dissolved and particulate mercury fluxes between the Ria de Aveiro (Portugal) and the Atlantic Ocean. The mercury fluxes were estimated by means of a two-dimensional vertically integrated hydrodynamic model. Results showed that the particulate fraction plays an important role in the transport of mercury while the contribution of the seston fraction to the transport of mercury was always <0.5%. During spring tides, in summer, about 2% of mercury transported in seston was present in an organic form. The mass balance for the mercury fractions revealed that the mercury export to the Atlantic Ocean varied with season and tidal regime, mainly in terms of the relative importance of the dissolved and particulate fractions. An approximate range of values for the annual mass balance between 42 and 77 kg shows that the export of dissolved and particulate mercury makes little impact on the near shore region of the Atlantic Ocean and that the recovery of the lagoon from mercury contamination is likely to remain a long-term issue. 相似文献