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Effect of fluid pressure on rock compressive failure in a nearly impermeable crystalline rock: Implication on mechanism of borehole breakouts 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We conducted laboratory true triaxial experiments in the nearly impermeable Pohang rhyolite to investigate failure mechanisms under ‘dry’ and ‘wet’ rock conditions. Under ‘dry’ conditions prismatic specimens were jacketed all around to prevent confining fluid penetration. Under ‘wet’ conditions one pair of the specimen faces was left unjacketed and in direct contact with the confining fluid (kerosene) applying the least principal stress in an attempt to simulate the case of an unlined borehole wall. In both testing setups the true triaxial compressive strength for a given least principal stress increases significantly as the intermediate principal stress rises. The unjacketed rhyolite strength is, however, only 60 to 85% of the strength under dry conditions, depending on the magnitude of the intermediate principal stress. In dry rhyolite the failure process begins upon dilatancy onset, followed by microcrack localization, and ending in a steeply dipping shear fracture. On the other hand, brittle fracture in wet specimens occurs almost immediately after the onset of dilatancy by the development of one or more through-going extensile fractures subparallel and adjacent to one of the unjacketed faces, resembling the extensile cracks leading to borehole breakouts in crystalline rocks. We infer that upon dilatancy the confining fluid intrudes and quickly propagates newly opened stress-induced microcracks subparallel to the unjacketed faces, leading to ‘early’ failure. 相似文献
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首先介绍了在不同压力组合下关于油母页岩的蠕变实验.实验表明,在瞬时扩容后,蠕变过程中的依赖时间的扩容持续增长.在引入反映岩石扩容程度时的损伤变量后,建立了损伤演化方程和本构方程以描述蠕变扩容的变化规律.最后,数值模拟了体应变与时间关系,与实验结果基本一致. 相似文献
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Mark Doyle Stuart Crampin Robert McGonigle Russ Evans 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1985,123(3):375-387
Shear-wave splitting has been identified in many three-component seismograms from two separate field experiments on a section of the North Anatolian Fault in North-West Turkey. These observations are consistent with shear-wave propagation through a zone of extensive-dilitancy anisotropy. A preliminary attempt has been made to confirm this interpretation by simultaneously inverting suites of arrival-times for hypocentral locations and for parameters describing an anisotropic halfspace. Although the inversion procedure is not globally convergent, it is possible to recognize the true solution by systematically varying the initial conditions. Applied to selected data sets, the inversion defines several anisotropic models that fit the data significantly better than a simple isotropic model, and display the anisotropy required by the shear-wave splitting. However, most of these anisotropic models are not superior when they are used to individually locate events in a much larger data set. However, for each experiment, there is a single model that produces clearly superior locations for the larger data sets than those of other anisotropic or simple isotropic models. Both models display similar velocity variations which are characteristic of propagation through distributions of biplanar cracks displaying orthorhombic symmetry. The principal axes of the two models are oriented in similar directions and are within 20° of the principal axis of regional stress derived from fault-plane solutions. The solutions indicate low velocities close to the tensional axis, as would be expected in extensive-dilatancy anisotropy. 相似文献
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Yang Xiao Chandrakant SDesai Ali Daouadji Armin WStuedlein Hanlong Liu Hossam Abuel-Naga 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,(2):363-374
Grain crushing is commonly encountered in deep foundation engineering,high rockfill dam engineering,railway engineering,mining engineering,coastal engineering,petroleum engineering,and other geoscience application.Grain crushing is affected by fundamental soil characteristics,such as their mineral strength,grain size and distribution,grain shape,density and specimen size,and also by external factors including stress magnitude and path,loading rate and duration,degree of saturation,temperature and geochemical environment.Crushable material becomes a series of different materials with the change in its grading during grain crushing,resulting in a decrease in strength and dilatancy and an increase in compressibility.Effects of grain crushing on strength,dilatancy,deformation and failure mechanisms have been extensively investigated through laboratory testing,discrete element method(DEM)modelling,Weibull statistics,and constitutive modelling within the framework of the extended crushing-dependent critical state theory or the energy-based theory.Eleven papers summarized in this review article for this special issue addressed the above issues in grain crushing through the advanced testing and modelling. 相似文献
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Dense Tacheng rockfill material (TRM) exhibits strain softening and dilation during drained triaxial tests, and therefore, an adapted Rowe’s stress–dilatancy equation was proposed for TRM. This equation incorporates an internal state index related to the density and pressure, as well as the coefficient of particle breakage and rotation. The adapted Rowe’s stress–dilatancy equation indicates that the relationship between stress and dilatancy is not constant, but varies with density and pressure. This result is in agreement with TRM test data. A state-dependent model was established for TRM using generalized plasticity theory combined with the adapted Rowe’s stress–dilatancy equation. The model includes twelve constants calibrated using TRM test data from Group A, and this model was used to predict the strain softening and dilatancy behaviors of dense TRM. Furthermore, the model predictions were validated using test data from Group B. In summary, the model accurately represented the stress–strain and dilatancy behaviors of TRM over a wide range of densities and pressures. 相似文献
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用两层介质中存在的一膨胀圆台体作为模型以便模拟地幔物质上涌孕震的力源模式．计算了层状介质结构条件下结构底部膨胀圆台模拟力源在不同横向、纵向尺度以及不同锥角时的应力场、应变场及位移场的变化．结果表明，介质中及地表附近的应力场、应变场、位移场不仅与上涌力源的几何参数和物理参数有关，而且也受到层状介质结构参数的制约和影响．这种数值模拟不仅为解释上地幔物质向地壳下部侵入的现象提供了一种有意义的方法，而且表明对于考虑地幔物质上涌孕震过程有关的前兆场分布而言，必须认真考虑介质结构不均匀性问题． 相似文献
8.
W. F. Brace 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,116(4-5):603-614
Summary Volume changes in geologic materials have been measured with strain gauges, cantilever displacement gauges, or through observation of either pore or total volume. When porosity is less than 0.05, compaction is small or absent; apart from elastic strains in the minerals, dilatancy predominates, beginning at 50 to 75 percent of the fracture stress difference. When initial porosity exceeds about 0.05, compaction and dilatancy may overlap. The onset of dilatancy has not been identified, but most of the dilatancy occurs within about 10 percent of the fracture stress difference. In low porosity rocks, dilatancy increases initial porosity by a factor of 2 or more; in porous rocks or granular aggregates the increase is only 20 to 50 percent. However, the actual pore volume increase is larger in rocks of high initial porosity. Hence, earthquake precursors which depend on the magnitude of dilatancy should be more pronounced in porous rocks or in fault gouge. In contrast, precursors which are based on fractional changes in some porosity-related property may be more pronounced in rocks of low initial porosity. Future work is particularly needed on constitutive relations suitable for major classes of rocks, on the effects of stress cycling in porous rocks, on the effects of high temperature and pore fluids on dilatancy and compaction, and on the degree of localization of strain prior to fracture. 相似文献
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采用含有叠环的大型粗粒土直剪试验设备进行试验,叠环作为剪切盒的重要组成部分,可以在剪切时根据粗粒土的结构形成多组剪切面,能够明显地展现出粗粒土的剪切变形特征.为了分析硬质岩粗粒对粗粒土的剪切强度和变形的影响,对粗粒岩性为花岗岩的粗粒土进行大型叠环式直剪试验.通过分析得到试验特征规律,研究粗粒土在剪切过程中的颗粒运动,得出花岗岩粗粒对其组成的粗粒土的剪切强度和变形有很大的影响.硬质岩性的花岗岩颗粒在剪切时不易被剪碎,在剪切过程中主要做错位、翻滚运动.低轴压下,剪切带位移会出现阶梯现象,而在高轴压下,剪切带位移为线性变化,并表现出更加明显的剪胀现象.粗粒土在剪切破坏后依然具有较高的抗剪强度和稳定性,为工程建设中土石体材料的选取提供了一定的借鉴. 相似文献
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Yang Xiao Zengchun Sun Armin WStuedlein Chenggui Wang Zhijun Wu Zhichao Zhang 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,(2):495-510
Crushing of grains can greatly influence the strength,dilatancy,and stress-strain relationship of rockfill materials.The critical state line(CSL)in the void ratio versus mean effective stress plane was extended to the breakage critical state plane(BCSP).A state void-ratio-pressure index that incorporated the effect of grain crushing was proposed according to the BCSP.Rowe’s stress-dilatancy equation was modified by adding the breakage voidratio-pressure index,which was also incorporated into the formulations of the bounding stress ratio and plastic modulus.A BCSP-based bounding surface plasticity model was proposed to describe the state-dependent stressstrain behaviors and the evolution of grain crushing during shearing process of rockfill materials,and was shown to sufficiently capture the breakage phenomenon. 相似文献