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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2016.11.007 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Lunar anorthosite is a major rock of the lunar highlands,which formed as a result of plagioclasefloatation in the lunar magma ocean(LMO).Constraints on the sufficient conditions that resulted in the formation of a thick pure anorthosite(mode of plagioclase 95 vol.%) is a key to reveal the early magmatic evolution of the terrestrial planets.To form the pure lunar anorthosite,plagioclase should have separated from the magma ocean with low crystal fraction.Crystal networks of plagioclase and mafic minerals develop when the crystal fraction in the magma(φ) is higher than ca.40-60 vol.%,which inhibit the formation of pure anorthosite.In contrast,when φ is small,the magma ocean is highly turbulent,and plagioclase is likely to become entrained in the turbulent magma rather than separated from the melt.To determine the necessary conditions in which anorthosite forms from the LMO,this study adopted the energy criterion formulated by Solomatov.The composition of melt,temperature,and pressure when plagioclase crystallizes are constrained by using MELTS/pMELTS to calculate the density and viscosity of the melt.When plagioclase starts to crystallize,the Mg~# of melt becomes 0.59 at 1291 C.The density of the melt is smaller than that of plagioclase for P 2.1 kbar(ca.50 km deep),and the critical diameter of plagioclase to separate from the melt becomes larger than the typical crystal diameter of plagioclase(1.8-3 cm).This suggests that plagioclase is likely entrained in the LMO just after the plagioclase starts to crystallize.When the Mg~# of melt becomes 0.54 at 1263 C,the density of melt becomes larger than that of plagioclase even for 0 kbar.When the Mg~# of melt decreases down to 0.46 at 1218 C,the critical diameter of plagioclase to separate from the melt becomes 1.5-2.5 cm,which is nearly equal to the typical plagioclase of the lunar anorthosite.This suggests that plagioclase could separate from the melt.One of the differences between the Earth and the Moon is the presence of water.If the terrestrial magma ocean was saturated with H_2O,plagioclase could not crystallize,and anorthosite could not form. 相似文献
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金川岩体母岩浆成分及其分离结晶过程的熔浆热力学模拟 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
金川铜镍硫化物矿床是仅次于加拿大Sudbury和俄罗斯Noril’sk-Talnakh 的世界第三大在采镍矿床。金川岩体主要由含二辉橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩、斜长二辉橄榄岩和橄榄辉石岩组成,岩相学观察表明主要造岩矿物的结晶顺序为：橄榄石→斜方辉石→单斜辉石→斜长石。为了进一步探讨金川岩体母岩浆成分及其分离结晶过程,本文在前人工作基础上根据主要造岩矿物结晶顺序及其电子探针成分,借助熔浆热力学软件“MELTS”的计算,获得金川岩体更为准确的母岩浆成分为：48.2% SiO2,1.00% TiO2,11.3 % Al2O3,12.9% FeO,1.30% Fe2O3,12.6% MgO,10.1% CaO,1.51% Na2O,0.72% K2O,0.04% NiO。MELTS模拟计算表明金川岩体母岩浆的分离结晶经历了两个阶段,在深度约为10.9~12.5km的深部岩浆房经历了约5%的橄榄石以及约4%的斜方辉石分离结晶,并伴随硫化物熔离。在重力作用的影响下,橄榄石、斜方辉石和硫化物向下沉降,形成由下至上的分层：橄榄石-斜方辉石-硫化物-硅酸盐熔浆层,橄榄石-斜方辉石-硅酸盐熔浆层和硅酸盐熔浆层。硅酸盐熔浆首先挤出形成贫硫化物的岩体或喷出地表,之后橄榄石-斜方辉石-硅酸盐熔浆被挤入到7.6~9.2km的浅部岩浆房,经重力分异形成金川I号岩体的上部岩相带和II号岩体顶部的含辉橄榄岩。橄榄石-斜方辉石-硫化物-硅酸盐熔浆层最后被挤入金川岩体,并再次结晶出橄榄石、单斜辉石、斜长石,形成金川岩体的主要岩相和硫化物矿体。这些计算结果不仅与野外和室内岩相学观察吻合,也与硫化物熔离过程的最新研究结果相一致。 相似文献
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The last stage in the formation of the Arabian Nubian Shield in Jordan was dominated by post-orogenic igneous activity of the ∼610–542 Ma Araba Suite, including a monzogabbroic stock intruding the Saramuj Conglomerate, near the southeastern corner of the Dead Sea. The geological setting, petrography, geochemistry and geothermometry of the monzogabbro and other cogenetic varieties are used to shed light on the petrogenesis of this stock and reveal its magma source. The monzogabbro, megaporphyry dikes, and scattered syenite pockets are co-magmatic and alkaline, potassic and shoshonitic in nature. REE and trace elements patterns indicate that these magmas were produced from a mantle that had been modified by subduction-related metasomatism. The parental mafic magma could have been derived by 10% partial melting of LILE-enriched phlogopite-bearing spinel lherzolite, probably lithospheric mantle, in association with post-collisional extension. Fractional crystallization of this parental magma by olivine and pyroxene gave rise to the monzogabbroic magma.The megaporphyry dikes with their giant labradorite plagioclase megacrysts represent feeders of a voluminous volcanic activity that could have lasted for about 105 years.Thermodynamic modeling applying the MELTS software indicates crystallization of this suite in the temperature range of 1184–760 °C at a pressure of 2 kbars, agreeing with olivine-pyroxene, pyroxene, and two-feldspar thermometry. The modeled mineralogy and sequence of crystallization of constituent minerals using MELTS is in remarkable agreement with the observed modal mineralogy of the monzogabbro. Furthermore, a great degree of congruity exists between the modeled and observed chemistry of the major minerals with only minor discrepancies between modeled composition of biotite and olivine. 相似文献
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Calc-alkaline rocks of the Hasan Dagi volcano (Central Anatolia, Turkey) are products of arc volcanism triggered by continental
collision. Volcanic rocks of the Hasan Dagi range in composition from basalt to rhyolite but are dominated by andesite and
dacite. Considering only the mass transfer part of the process leads to an incomplete picture of magma chamber processes.
The exclusion of simultaneous calculations of heat and mass transfer between mixing magmas, however, has prevented petrologists
from gaining new insights into the magma mixing process. Thus, we report our experimental results in conjunction with modeling
with MELTS to test the ideas concerning the petrogenesis of Hasan Dagi volcanic rocks and quantitatively model the relevant
petrogenetic processes. Our results demonstrate that the chemical diversity of Hasan Dagi volcano is inconsistent with the
closed-system crystallization and differentiation. Thus, (1) our experimental modeling, (2) the agreement between the liquid
line of descent defined by the natural rock data and the MELTS calculations, and (3) the agreement between the mineralogy
of the rocks and calculated mineralogy corroborate the conclusion that the isobaric–isenthalpic magma mixing of basalt and
rhyolite is the major controlling process in the petrogenesis of the Hasan Dagi magmas. 相似文献
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岩浆的分离结晶作用和地壳同化混染作用是造成硫饱和的重要因素。本文以金平-Song Da地区二叠纪低钛苦橄岩为原生岩浆,使用MELTS程序模拟了岩浆在分离结晶和围岩同化混染作用的控制下达到硫饱和,发生硫化物熔体的熔离。模拟结果表明,低钛苦橄质岩浆从源区上升到浅部岩浆房的过程中发生了约10%的橄榄石的分离结晶,形成高镁的玄武质岩浆。高镁玄武质岩浆在浅部岩浆房内同化混染>18%的围岩,并经历约27%硅酸盐矿物的分离结晶后达到硫饱和。熔离的硫化物熔体在岩浆通道内聚集形成了白马寨铜镍硫化物矿。经历硫化物熔体熔离后的残余岩浆喷出地表形成了金平地区亏损Ni和Cu并具有强烈地壳混染特征的低钛玄武岩。 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(7):830-841
Seismic and gravity data have disclosed correlations between the structure of the major folded belts with the surface of the basaltic layer and the Moho. The major structural elements of the Greater Caucasus province are reviewed, though with all too generalized maps for reference. These structures are reviewed in the light of their evolution in three stages: the first ending in the Medial-Late Jurassic, the second ending in the Middle Paleogene, and the third occupying the Oligocene-Neogene-Quaternary periods. A major synclinorium and anticlinorium of long duration are postulated. The granite layer is summarized in an isopachous map. This is correlated with a contour map of the Moho. Inheritances of earlier geosynclinal cycles (Hercynian). The primary geosyncline is related to planetary rifts. The thickest part of the crust is centered on the meganticlinorium in the Alpine structures of the Caucasus. Formation of folds, foredeeps, and folding after sedimentation is related to development of the granite layer during continental evolution. Deep-seated piercement of the granite into the cover in the axial portion is indicated. The observable seismicity is also correlated with evolution of the granite layer.--B. N. Cooper. 相似文献
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Xenoliths collected from Prindle volcano, Alaska (Lat. 63.72°N; Long. 141.82°W) provide a unique opportunity to examine the lower crust of the northern Canadian Cordillera. The cone's pyroclastic deposits contain crustal and mantle-derived xenoliths. The crustal xenoliths include granulite facies metamorphic rocks and charnockites, comprising orthopyroxene (opx)–plagioclase (pl)–quartz (qtz) ± mesoperthite (msp) and clinopyroxene (cpx). Opx–cpx geothermometry yields equilibrium temperatures (T) from 770 to 1015 °C at 10 kbar. Pl–cpx–qtz geobarometry yields pressures (P) of 6.6–8.0 kbar. Integrated mesoperthite compositions suggest minimum temperatures of 1020–1140 °C at 10 kbar using solvus geothermometry. The absence of garnet in these rocks indicates a range of maximum pressure of 5–11.3 kbar, and calculated solidi constrain upper temperature limits. We conclude that the granulite facies assemblages represent relatively dry metamorphism at pressures indicative of crustal thicknesses similar to present day ( 36 km). Zircon separates from a single crustal xenolith yield mainly Early Tertiary (48–63 Ma) U–Pb ages which are considerably younger than the cooling ages of the high-pressure amphibolites exposed at the surface. The distribution of zircon ages is interpreted as indicating zircon growth coincident with at least two different thermal events as expressed at surface: (i) the eruption of the Late Cretaceous Carmacks Group volcanic rocks in western Yukon and adjacent parts of Alaska, and (ii) emplacement of strongly bimodal high level intrusions across much of western Yukon and eastern Alaska possibly in an extensional tectonic regime. The distributions of zircon growth ages and the preservation of higher-than-present-day (> 25 ± 3 °C km− 1) geothermal gradients in the granulite facies rocks demonstrate the use of crustal xenoliths for recovering records of past, lithospheric-scale thermal–tectonic events. 相似文献
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