Oil-oil and oil-source rock correlations in the Alpine Foreland Basin of Austria: Insights from biomarker and stable carbon isotope studies     

Reinhard Gratzer  Achim BechtelReinhard F. Sachsenhofer  Hans-Gert LinzerDoris Reischenbacher  Hans-Martin Schulz 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(6):1171-1186

The Alpine Foreland Basin is a minor oil and moderate gas province in central Europe. In the Austrian part of the Alpine Foreland Basin, oil and minor thermal gas are thought to be predominantly sourced from Lower Oligocene horizons (Schöneck and Eggerding formations). The source rocks are immature where the oil fields are located and enter the oil window at ca. 4 km depth beneath the Alpine nappes indicating long-distance lateral migration. Most important reservoirs are Upper Cretaceous and Eocene basal sandstones.Stable carbon isotope and biomarker ratios of oils from different reservoirs indicate compositional trends in W-E direction which reflect differences in source, depositional environment (facies), and maturity of potential source rocks. Thermal maturity parameters from oils of different fields are only in the western part consistent with northward displacement of immature oils by subsequently generated oils. In the eastern part of the basin different migration pathways must be assumed. The trend in S/(S + R) isomerisation of ααα-C₂₉ steranes versus the αββ (20R)/ααα (20R) C₂₉ steranes ratio from oil samples can be explained by differences in thermal maturation without involving long-distance migration. The results argue for hydrocarbon migration through highly permeable carrier beds or open faults rather than relatively short migration distances from the source. The lateral distance of oil fields to the position of mature source rocks beneath the Alpine nappes in the south suggests minimum migration distances between less than 20 km and more than 50 km.Biomarker compositions of the oils suggest Oligocene shaly to marly successions (i.e. Schoeneck, Dynow, and Eggerding formations) as potential source rocks, taking into account their immature character. Best matches are obtained between the oils and units a/b (marly shale) and c (black shale) of the “normal” Schöneck Formation, as well as with the so-called “Oberhofen Facies”. Results from open system pyrolysis-gas chromatography of potential source rocks indicate slightly higher sulphur content of the resulting pyrolysate from unit b. The enhanced dibenzothiophene/phenanthrene ratios of oils from the western part of the basin would be consistent with a higher contribution of unit b to hydrocarbon expulsion in this area. Differences in the relative contribution of sedimentary units to oil generation are inherited from thickness variations of respective units in the overthrusted sediments. The observed trend towards lighter δ¹³C values of hydrocarbon fractions from oil fields in a W-E direction are consistent with lower δ¹³C values of organic matter in unit c.  相似文献   

Buxus Leaves from the Oligocene of Guangxi, China and Their Biogeographical Signi?cance     

MA Fujun  WANG Qiujun  DONG Junling  YANG Yi  WANG Wenji  YAN Defei  SUN Bainian 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(5):1453-1469

The present paper reports two new species of Buxus from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Guangxi, South China, on the basis of several compressed fossil leaves. Buxus ningmingensis sp. nov. is characterized by an elliptic to ovate shape; pinnate venation with marginal secondary, long hairs on the adaxial side of the midvein base; and amphistomatic, anomocytic stomata with a prominent outer ring. All of these characteristics suggest a closest af?nity to the living Buxus microphylla subsp. sinica. Another new species identi?ed as Buxus preaustro-yunnanensis sp. nov. is characterized by the diagnostic formation of its admedially branched tertiaries, the trunks of which are often strongly thickened by sclereides. This species is most similar to the extant Buxus austro-yunnanensis. The co-occurrence of Buxus ningmingensis sp. nov. and Buxus preaustro-yunnanensis sp. nov. suggests that these two Buxus lived during the Oligocene under a warm, tropical to subtropical climate, similar to the current climate of Ningming. Our ?ndings provide the earliest fossil evidence of Buxus leaves with detailed illustrations of leaf architectural and cuticular features. The occurrence of these two species indicates that Buxus began to diversify in Guangxi no later than the Oligocene.  相似文献   

The Major Two-stage Shortening Deformation of the Northern Tibet and Tian Shan Area Since the Latest Oligocene     

LU Haijian  LI Haibing  LIU Dongliang 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(5):1546-1560

It seems to be progressively recognized that the stress of the India-Asia convergent front can be transferred rapidly through the southern and central Tibetan lithosphere to the northern Tibet, hence leading to the crustal thickening deformation there during or immediately after the onset of the India-Asia collision(ca.55 Ma).This study focuses on the late Cenozoic deformation and tectonic uplift of the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area.Detailed compilations of a variety of proxy data from sediments and bedrocks suggest that the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area underwent one stage of approximately synchronous widespread contractile deformation since 25–20 Ma, which seemed to decrease at circa 18 Ma as revealed by low-temperature thermochronological data.The latest Oligocene-early Miocene was also significant basin-forming episodes when many intermontane subbasins began to receive syntectonic sedimentation in the northeastern Tibet.Subsequently, the other phase of compressional deformation began to encroach more widely into the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area in episodic steps or continuously from 16–12 Ma to present.  相似文献   

广西南宁盆地渐新世孢粉植物群及其古环境意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王伟铭  陈耿娇  廖卫 《第四纪研究》2015,35(3)

文章系统研究南宁盆地琅东高坡邕宁组下含煤段的孢粉,建立1个孢粉组合和3个亚组合.孢粉组合以木本被子植物蕈树科、壳斗科、榆科、胡桃科、杨柳科和木犀科为主,同时见有槭树科、桦木科、芸香科、漆树科、椴树科、冬青科、大戟科、山龙眼科、楝科、珙桐科、忍冬科、山矾科和桑寄生科等成分;草本被子植物花粉少量见到,含莎草科、毛茛科、唇形科、禾本科、菊科、百合科、蓼科、黑三棱科和睡莲科;裸子植物花粉主要为杉科和松科,少量见到罗汉松科;蕨类植物孢子包括凤尾蕨科、水龙骨科、紫萁科、石松科、水藓科和海金沙科.此外,还见有部分藻类分布,含疑源类的皱面球藻属、瘤面球藻属和光面球藻属,亲缘关系不明的环纹藻属以及绿藻门水网藻科的盘星藻属.组合中,裸子植物花粉尤其松科的含量自下而上逐渐减少,藻类主要分布在剖面的中部,蕨类植物孢子更多地见于剖面的上部;因此进而分出3个亚组合.孢粉植物群反映沉积时期的气候温暖湿润,植被类型为亚热带湿生常绿、落叶阔叶混交林.结果表明当时的植物生境稳定、气候温暖,湖泊和湿地逐步发育,在后期形成沼泽环境;孢粉组合一定程度上反映了全球气候在始新世末期急剧变冷后,在渐新世早中期的逐渐回暖过程.  相似文献   

渐新世/中新世分界的地层学事件   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

李前裕  郑范  刘传联 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2007,27(5):57-64

介绍渐新世/中新世分界面(即古近纪/新近纪分界面)附近的浮游有孔虫和钙质超微化石事件及其新年龄。2004年国际地层年代表确定该分界面位于第58长偏心率周期弱振幅处,古地磁事件C6Cn.2n底面,经天文调谐后的年龄为23.03 Ma。发生在该界面附近的生物地层学事件主要是浮游有孔虫Paragloborotalia kugleri的始现面(22.96 Ma)和钙质超微化石Sphenolithus delphix的末现面(23.11 Ma)。在南海北部东沙群岛附近的大洋钻探ODP1148站,渐新世/中新世界面以崩塌沉积物为特征,有明显沉积间断,标志南海当时有较大范围的构造运动。  相似文献   

Oligocene sequence stratigraphy and basin development in the Danish North Sea sector based on log interpretations     

Mette Danielsen  Olaf Michelsen  Ole Rn Clausen 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1997,14(7-8)

Five sequences are defined in the Oligocene succession of the Danish North Sea sector. Two of the sequences, 4.1a and 4.3, have been identified onshore Denmark.Two types of prograding lowstand deposits are recognized. Sand-dominated deposits occur proximally, comprising sharp-based forced regressive deposits covered with prograding low-stand deposits. Clay-dominated prograding lowstand deposits occur distally in the sequences. The highstand deposits are proximally represented by thick prograding sandy deposits and distally by thin and condensed intervals.The main sediment input direction was from the north and the northeast. A succession oif lithofacies, from shallow marine facies dominated by sand to outer shelf facies dominated by clay, is mapped in each of the sequences. An overall southward progradation of the shoreline took place during the Oligocene, interrupted only by minor shoreline retreats.  相似文献   

钙质成岩作用对有孔虫氧同位素的影响     

房殿勇  赵泉鸿  成鑫荣  关平  李洋冰 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2005,25(2):63-66

通过对南海北部ODPl84航次1148站井深477m之下深海相渐新世浮游有孔虫Globoquadrina压扁壳、次生方解石和充填壳的氧同位素对比，定量分析了钙质成岩作用对壳体氧同位素的影响，结果发现，受成岩作用影响，1148站浮游有孔虫氧同位素显著变轻，这种变化趋势与低纬度开放性大洋明显不同。其原因可能与南海海盆扩张早期，大量陆源物质从较窄陆架可以直接沉积到海底，由于陆源物质氧同位素相对偏负，当与海洋沉积物混合后，引起本区沉积物孔隙水氧离子浓度变轻。而扩张初始，高的沉积速率可能使钙质壳体被快速封存在一个相对孤立的系统中，造成孔隙水离子成为影响壳体氧同位素变化的主要因素。当氧同位素相对较重的有孔虫壳体溶解和重结晶并与孔隙水离子发生交换时，引起壳体δ^18O负向偏移。  相似文献   

Larger Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy and Facies Analysis of the Oligocene–Miocene Asmari Formation in the Western Fars Sub-basin, Zagros Mountains, Iran     

Tahereh HABIBI  Telm BOVER-ARNAL 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(6):2079-2097

The Oligocene–Miocene carbonate record of the Zagros Mountains, known as the Asmari Formation, constitutes an important hydrocarbon reservoir in southern Iran. This marine carbonate succession, which developed under tropical conditions, is explored in terms of larger foraminiferal biostratigraphy, facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy in a new section at Papoon cropping out in the western Fars sub-basin, in the south-east of the Zagros belt. Facies analysis shows evidence of re-working and transport of skeletal components throughout the depositional system, interpreted here as a carbonate ramp. The foraminifera-based biozones identified include the Globigerina–Turborotalia cerroazulensis–Hantkenina Zone and Nummulites vascus–Nummulites fichteli Zone, both of Rupelian age, the Archaias asmaricus–Archaias hensoni–Miogypsinoides complanatus Zone of Chattian age and the ‘Indeterminate’ Zone of Aquitanian age. The vertical sedimentary evolution of the formation exhibits a progressive shallowing of the facies belts and thus the succession is interpreted as a high-rank low-order regressive systems tract. This long-lasting Rupelian–Aquitanian regressive event is in accordance with accepted global long-term eustatic curves. Accordingly, long-term eustatic trends would have been a factor controlling accommodation during the deposition of the Asmari Formation studied in the western Fars sub-basin.  相似文献   

Depositional setting,provenance, and tectonic-volcanic setting of Eocene–Recent deep-sea sediments of the oceanic Izu–Bonin forearc,northwest Pacific (IODP Expedition 352)     

Alastair H. F. Robertson  Steffen Kutterolf  Aaron Avery  Alan T. Baxter  Katerina Petronotis  Gary D. Acton 《International Geology Review》2018,60(15):1816-1854

New biostratigraphical, geochemical, and magnetic evidence is synthesized with IODP Expedition 352 shipboard results to understand the sedimentary and tectono-magmatic development of the Izu–Bonin outer forearc region. The oceanic basement of the Izu–Bonin forearc was created by supra-subduction zone seafloor spreading during early Eocene (c. 50–51 Ma). Seafloor spreading created an irregular seafloor topography on which talus locally accumulated. Oxide-rich sediments accumulated above the igneous basement by mixing of hydrothermal and pelagic sediment. Basaltic volcanism was followed by a hiatus of up to 15 million years as a result of topographic isolation or sediment bypassing. Variably tuffaceous deep-sea sediments were deposited during Oligocene to early Miocene and from mid-Miocene to Pleistocene. The sediments ponded into extensional fault-controlled basins, whereas condensed sediments accumulated on a local basement high. Oligocene nannofossil ooze accumulated together with felsic tuff that was mainly derived from the nearby Izu–Bonin arc. Accumulation of radiolarian-bearing mud, silty clay, and hydrogenous metal oxides beneath the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) characterized the early Miocene, followed by middle Miocene–Pleistocene increased carbonate preservation, deepened CCD and tephra input from both the oceanic Izu–Bonin arc and the continental margin Honshu arc. The Izu–Bonin forearc basement formed in a near-equatorial setting, with late Mesozoic arc remnants to the west. Subduction-initiation magmatism is likely to have taken place near a pre-existing continent–oceanic crust boundary. The Izu–Bonin arc migrated northward and clockwise to collide with Honshu by early Miocene, strongly influencing regional sedimentation.  相似文献   

Coherent Chemical Variation Trends of the 55-25 Ma Magmatic Rocks in SE Tibet:N-S Direction Lithospheric Stretching of Eurasia during Early Stage of India-Eurasia Collision     

YANG Tiannan  DONG Mengmeng  XUE Chuandong  XIN Di  LIANG Mingjuan 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(5):1283-1305

The progressive indentation of India into Eurasia generated an E–W-trending orthogonal collision belt and a N–S-trending oblique collision belt. Compiling available data reveals that ～70% of the Cenozoic igneous rocks in eastern and southeastern Tibet are concentrated within an ENE-trending, ～550-km long and ～250-km wide magmatic zone(CMZ) that once separated the orthogonal and oblique collision belts. The Latitude 26°N Line is now its southern boundary. The onset timing of magmatism of the CMZ ...  相似文献