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Yuan Zhong Lu Zhou Xiucheng Tan Chengbo Lian Hong Liu Jijia Liao Guang Hu Mingjie Liu Jian Cao 《地学前缘(英文版)》2017,8(5):961-975
Sand-rich tight sandstone reservoirs are potential areas for oil and gas exploration. However, the high ratio of sandstone thickness to that of the strata in the formation poses many challenges and uncertainties to traditional lithofacies paleogeography mapping. Therefore, the prediction of reservoir sweet spots has remained problematic in the field of petroleum exploration. This study provides new insight into resolving this problem, based on the analyses of depositional characteristics of a typical modern sand-rich formation in a shallow braided river delta of the central Sichuan Basin, China. The varieties of sand-rich strata in the braided river delta environment include primary braided channels, secondary distributary channels and the distribution of sediments is controlled by the successive superposed strata deposited in paleogeomorphic valleys. The primary distributary channels have stronger hydrodynamic forces with higher proportions of coarse sand deposits than the secondary distributary channels. Therefore, lithofacies paleogeography mapping is controlled by the geomorphology, valley locations, and the migration of channels. We reconstructed the paleogeomorphology and valley systems that existed prior to the deposition of the Xujiahe Formation. Following this, rock-electro identification model for coarse skeletal sand bodies was constructed based on coring data. The results suggest that skeletal sand bodies in primary distributary channels occur mainly in the valleys and low-lying areas, whereas secondary distributary channels and fine deposits generally occur in the highland areas. The thickness distribution of skeletal sand bodies and lithofacies paleogeography map indicate a positive correlation in primary distributary channels and reservoir thickness. A significant correlation exists between different sedimentary facies and petrophysical properties. In addition, the degree of reservoir development in different sedimentary facies indicates that the mapping method reliably predicts the distribution of sweet spots. The application and understanding of the mapping method provide a reference for exploring tight sandstone reservoirs on a regional basis. 相似文献
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利用二维地震和钻井、测井资料探讨了北波拿巴盆地东北部侏罗纪各时期的古地貌和沉积相特征。整个侏罗纪时期,研究区整体处于裂陷作用的构造环境,发育由陆相至海相的5个三级层序。早侏罗世早期的古地貌主要受控于北西向构造格局,沉积中心主要是北西走向的凹陷和向斜。早侏罗世晚期开始,北东向构造开始发育,同时盆地整体剧烈沉降,北西和北东走向的构造单元发生切割和冲突,导致其内部的构造分区十分零碎。中侏罗世末期盆地北部发生大面积抬升形成Callovian不整合,之后的构造活动比较稳定,同时北东向构造基本形成,研究区进入缓慢拗陷时期。在此构造演化背景下,北波拿巴盆地东北部在早—中侏罗世主要是陆相的河流相和冲积扇沉积,中侏罗世主要是海陆过渡相的扇三角洲和三角洲沉积,而晚侏罗世则主要是浅海和滨岸沉积。 相似文献
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塔中Ⅰ号坡折带奥陶系凝析气田勘探中的古地貌学方法 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
针对塔中地区碳酸盐岩埋藏深度大、横向非均质性强、岩层顶面地震反射强而内幕地震反射弱且分辨率低等地震地质特点,充分利用三维地震信息,精细解释了上奥陶统桑塔木组内部地震反射强振幅、强连续等时界面和碳酸盐岩顶界面,刻画了塔中Ⅰ号坡折带奥陶系碳酸盐岩台地—陆棚边缘高能礁滩体的地貌学特征,建立了碳酸盐岩建隆的地震地质模式。该模式为全面认识该区碳酸盐岩建隆沉积体系的发育特征和分布范围提供了重要依据,并在该区奥陶系凝析气田勘探、有利勘探区带评价和储量评估中得到了成功应用,取得了良好的经济效益。 相似文献
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以现代岩溶理论为指导,应用"印模与残厚组合法"恢复岩溶古地貌,在4种二级地貌类型(岩溶高地、岩溶陡坡地、岩溶缓坡地和岩溶盆地)划分的基础上,将塔里木盆地轮古东地区前石炭纪古岩溶地貌进一步划分为峰丛洼地、丘峰谷地、溶丘洼地、峰丛垄脊沟谷、峰丘洼地、丘丛垄脊沟谷、岩溶谷地、溶丘平原等8种三级地貌类型。并在垂向岩溶分带研究的基础上,明确了不同古岩溶地貌条件下的岩溶发育特征及充填机制。研究认为:岩溶高地为区域补给区,发育溶蚀裂缝和溶洞系统;岩溶陡坡地为补给-径流区,以高角度溶蚀裂缝为主;岩溶缓坡地为地下水径流区,发育暗河管道系统;岩溶盆地为排泄区,岩溶缝洞充填程度高。 相似文献
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塔中Ⅰ号断裂坡折带的区域构造-沉积演化为塔中地区上奥陶统礁滩体的发育提供了基本的沉积背景。经历了加里东期、早海西期及晚海西期三期构造运动,形成三期三种级次的断裂:一级断裂规模较大,主要形成于加里东期,走向北西—南东向;早海西期形成二级断裂,规模相对较小,走向与一级断裂近于垂直;晚海西期形成的三级断裂,规模更小,走向则近于一级断裂。这三期构造运动的应力场方向是来回变化的,强度则逐渐减弱。这种构造运动特征引起了礁滩体发育环境的反复变化,因而形成了多期礁滩体,它们在垂向上出现叠置的现象。古地貌形态对礁滩体的发育具有控制意义,礁滩体主要发育在古地貌高点上,并在横向上形成带状分布。在研究区,以塔中Ⅰ号断裂坡折带中部的礁滩体最为发育,并呈现出多期发育的特点。 相似文献
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