湘东桐木山云英岩型锡矿床锡石及共生石英中流体包裹体研究     

王旭东  赵海杰  于周平  张腾飞 《岩石学报》2021,37(3):781-793

桐木山云英岩型锡矿床是湘东锡田锡多金属矿田中一个典型矿床,在详尽的野外考察、矿石结构观察以及流体包裹体岩相学研究的基础上,采用流体包裹体组合的研究方法,利用冷热台、激光拉曼等测试手段,对矿床中锡石中流体包裹体进行直接测定,同时开展与锡石共生的石英及切割矿体的后期石英脉石英中流体包裹体对比研究。结果显示,锡石中流体包裹体的组分、均一温度、盐度与共生的石英存在明显差异,表明锡石与石英形成的P-T-X条件不同。切割矿体的石英脉为成岩成矿后流体作用的产物。与锡石形成相关的流体为中高温、中低盐度的Na Cl-H_2O流体体系,与石英形成相关的流体为复杂的含碳流体。流体体系的冷却作用及流体与围岩的反应可能是导致锡石沉淀的主要因素,与石英形成相关的流体在演化过程中则经历了明显的流体不混溶作用。  相似文献   

石英SEM-CL微结构及其在岩石学中的应用     

李艳青  佘振兵  马昌前 《地球科学进展》2011,26(3):325-331

综述了国外扫描电镜一阴极发光(SEM-CL)成像技术在岩石学研究中的应用实例.采用阴极发光探测器和扫描电镜结合的方法对石英等矿物进行观察,可以在高放大倍数和高分辨率下获得其他方法所无法揭示的丰富的微结构信息,如暗条痕和斑块、愈合裂纹、环带、复杂剪切纹、面状结构等,这些不同的微结构成为不同类型岩石中所特有的特征,因此,对...  相似文献   

Luminescence sensitivities of quartz grains from eolian deposits in northern China and their implications for provenance   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tongyan Lü  Jimin Sun 《Quaternary Research》2011,76(2):181-189

The thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) sensitivities of quartz grains from deserts and loess–red clay sequences are used to trace eolian provenances in northern China. Our results indicate that the 110°C TL peak and OSL sensitivities of quartz grains show differences among Chinese deserts, which can be subdivided into four groups according to the spatial variations of luminescence sensitivities. Such differences are related mostly to the regional difference in rock types of mountains surrounding or adjacent to the deserts. We also examine the possible provenance changes between the Quaternary loess and the Tertiary eolian red clay, and the results indicate that the luminescence sensitivity of Tertiary red clay is higher than that of Quaternary loess (L1, L15, and L33), implying source materials of the eolian deposits changed relative to those of the Quaternary.  相似文献   

The chemical composition including the Rare Earth Elements of the three major glass types of Europe and the Orient used in late antiquity and the Middle Ages     

Karl Hans Wedepohl  Klaus Simon  Andreas Kronz 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2011,71(3):289-296

Sets of 20 soda ash glasses, 16 soda lime glasses and 23 wood ash glasses mainly from excavations in Europe (additional soda ash glasses from Egypt) were analysed on 61 chemical elements. Average SiO₂ is about 62% in soda glasses and 50% in wood ash glasses. The three groups of glasses contain on average 13% Na₂O, 18% Na₂O and 13% K₂O as fluxes to lower the melting temperature of quartz at their production. The starting materials beside quartz were halophytic plant ash for soda ash glass, trona (Na₃H(CO₃)₂·2H₂O) and lime (clamshells) for soda lime glass and beech ash for wood ash glass. Each of the three major glass types contains specific Rare Earth Element (REE) concentrations mainly contained in quartz and its intergrown minerals. 50 Paleozoic and Mesozoic sandstones from Central Europe represent the quartz composition. The REE pattern of these glasses apparently indicates major compositional stages of the Continental Earth's Crust. The boron to lithium and sodium to potassium ratios as in seawater suggest reactions of materials for soda glass with seawater. Negative Ce anomalies in the three glasses are caused by reactions of quartz with seawater.  相似文献   

中亚萨亚克矿田成矿岩体矿物学和地球化学:岩浆性质与成矿意义   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

安芳  王居里  朱永峰  王建其  魏少妮  赖绍聪  SEITMURATOVA Eleonora 《岩石学报》2015,31(2):555-570

萨亚克大型铜矿田位于哈萨克斯坦北巴尔喀什斑岩成矿带中部,以矽卡岩型矿床为主。通过对矿区石英闪长岩的矿物化学和地球化学研究,发现石英闪长岩呈斑状结构,斑晶为斜长石和角闪石,其中的斜长石斑晶主要为中长石,角闪石斑晶为镁质普通角闪石;岩石属于高钾钙碱性系列,富集Rb、Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta和重稀土元素,高Sr/Y、La/Yb比值,与埃达克岩相似。地球化学特征指示萨亚克矿区侵入岩形成于岛弧环境,为矽卡岩-斑岩型成矿提供了有利的构造背景,岩石可能是岛弧玄武质岩浆在高压下经结晶分异而成。根据角闪石温压计及其成分与氧逸度和岩浆中水含量之间的关系,确定萨亚克石英闪长玢岩中角闪石斑晶结晶时岩浆的温度为799~843℃、处于3.6~9.6km深度范围内(P=1.2~3.2kbar)、氧逸度logfO2=-11.5~-12.0(ΔFMQ=2.0~2.8)、平均水含量为1.2%,相对较高的氧逸度和水含量有利于形成富含挥发分和Cu、Au等成矿物质的岩浆,是最终演化形成大型岩浆-热液型铜矿田(斑岩型、矽卡岩型)的有利条件。  相似文献   

西秦岭温泉斑岩钼矿床岩浆-热液演化   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

邱昆峰  宋开瑞  宋耀辉 《岩石学报》2015,31(11):3391-3404

西秦岭北缘广泛出露印支期中酸性侵入岩和相关的斑岩-矽卡岩矿床。温泉矿床位于该矿带东段,是其内已探明规模最大的斑岩钼矿床。温泉矿床发育多阶段热液脉体,黄铁矿作为其中的贯通性金属硫化物,其化学组成蕴含着岩浆-热液演化及金属沉淀过程等诸多信息,对于斑岩系统模型的厘定具有重要意义。温泉矿床热液脉体时序为:钾长石-黑云母-石英脉(A脉)、石英-黄铜矿脉、石英-辉钼矿脉(B脉)和石英-绢云母-黄铁矿脉(D脉)。A脉是斑岩系统岩浆-热液演化的最早期脉体,主要矿物组合为钾长石+黑云母+石英+黄铁矿±磁铁矿±磷灰石±黄铜矿,代表了引起早期基性岩浆矿物被蚀变为黑云母的流体通道;B脉与钾长石化蚀变关系密切,围岩中斜长石斑晶大量被蚀变为钾长石;石英-辉钼矿脉切割所有早期黑云母化-钾化蚀变阶段的石英-硫化物网脉,并形成于所有斑岩侵位之后,少量黄铁矿和黄铜矿共生于辉钼矿裂隙及边部;D脉是斑岩系统岩浆-热液成矿作用的最晚期事件,其主要被黄铁矿和石英及少量黄铜矿填充,发育晚期的绢英岩化和泥化蚀变,长石多发生破坏性蚀变。四个阶段石英网脉中黄铁矿电子探针分析显示,A脉的黄铁矿中Cu、Mo和Au含量均较低,有少量的金属硫化物(黄铁矿+黄铜矿)沉淀,但通常不能形成规模矿体;石英-黄铜矿脉的黄铁矿中Cu含量明显较高,且多与高品位Cu矿体的空间产出位置相一致,可能是斑岩系统伴随钾化蚀变作用主要的铜沉淀阶段;B脉的黄铁矿中Mo含量明显较高,与高品位钼矿体空间产出关系密切,可能代表了斑岩系统钼成矿作用的主要阶段;D脉的黄铁矿中Au含量明显升高,可能代表了金在斑岩系统岩浆-热液成矿作用的最晚期事件中的沉淀。  相似文献   

Advances and Issues in Luminescence Dating of Loess Deposits in Arid Central Asia   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Leibin Wang  Haitao Wei  Jia Jia  Guoqiang Li  Fahu Chen 《地球科学进展》2018,33(1):93-102

High-resolution loess deposits are widely distributed in Arid Central Asia (ACA) and provide important records associated with dust transportation, paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic evolution. The chronology is the foundation of the research into loess deposits as an environmental archive. In recent decades, the gradually developed optical dating method has been increasingly matured and become an important approach to establishing the loess-paleosol sequences. Here, we summarized and discussed previous work on loess chronology mainly based on optical dating approach in ACA. The following understandings have been listed: ① In comparison with optical dating method, the suitable material for ¹⁴C dating is uncommon in ACA. However, the dating range of luminescence dating is more extensive, and the dating materials are accessible. Thus, the optical dating is widely applicable in the establishment of loess framework in this area. ② Until now, the quartz Single Aliquot Regeneration (SAR) method can be applied to the establishment of loess-paleosol sequence since last glacial period. But several issues remain unaddressed. For example, the Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) signal sensitivity of quartz grains are low in some areas. Furthermore, the results of OSL dating of different grain sizes within a single sample are inconsistent in some areas. The solution of these problems still requires more methodological research. ③ The post-IR IRSL (pIRIR) and multiple elevated temperature stimulation (MET-pIRIR) protoCols of feldspar have basically overcome the anomalous fading issue in the traditional IRSL dating process. In ACA, the framework since MIS 7 can be established with K-feldspar luminescence dating method. Compared with quartz luminescence characteristics, the K-feldspar luminescence signals are more sensitive and exhibit a high saturation level. In specific applications, it is necessary to establish the age frame according to the luminescence sensitivity, the age of samples or other factors.  相似文献   

Revisiting natural and laboratory electron spin resonance (ESR) dose response curves of quartz from Chinese loess     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Natural and laboratory ESR dose response curves (DRCs) of [AlO₄/h]⁰ and [TiO₄/M⁺]⁰ were investigated for samples of quartz from the Luochuan loess-palaeosol master section, Chinese Loess Plateau. The natural and laboratory DRCs show a clear divergence above ∼1000 Gy, with much lower D₀ values and saturation levels observed for the natural DRCs, which is in agreement with the previous study by Tsukamoto et al. (2018). Young (<15 ka) samples from Luochuan and Jingbian – another site of the Chinese Loess Plateau, together with two modern samples of Chinese loess, were used to investigate the residual signals of [AlO₄/h]⁰ and [TiO₄/M⁺]⁰ centres. Our results are in line with published studies and show that the significant residual signals corresponding to several tens to hundreds of Gy are present in both Al and Ti centres. These need to be taken into account before laboratory DRC construction. ESR pulse annealing experiments performed on samples irradiated with different doses show an apparent dose-dependent thermal instability of [AlO₄/h]⁰ and [TiO₄/M⁺]⁰, with the signals for higher doses decaying faster with increasing temperature. We attribute the change in D₀ with preheat reported in Tsukamoto et al.2018, as well as the difference between laboratory and natural DRCs, to this apparent dose-dependent thermal instability of the signals. The saturation level of the natural DRC, being the result of reaching the equilibrium between filling of the traps and emptying them due to thermal decay, is therefore additionally affected at higher doses, due to the increased thermal instability. The inability to recreate in the laboratory the same response to irradiation as the one observed in nature questions the accuracy of dating samples beyond ∼1000 Gy.  相似文献   

Luminescence and ESR dating of the sedimentary infill from the multi-level cave system of Alkerdi-Zelaieta (Navarre,N Spain)     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

The finding of Upper Paleolithic engravings in 2016 triggered a multidisciplinary investigation of the Alkerdi cave system (Urdazubi, N Spain). The study of the speleogenetic processes led to the identification of at least 6 paragenetic cave levels with associated sedimentary infill. In order to unravel the timing of changes in the karst dynamics and to get some insights about sediment origin, two sediment samples were collected from cave levels 4 and 1 for numerical dating purpose, using both Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) methods. One additional modern-age sample was also taken from the entrance of the karst to evaluate the magnitude of the optical bleaching achieved by the quartz grains before entering the cave system. Last, one sample was collected from a flowstone for U-series dating, providing independent age control.OSL measurements were carried out using small quartz multi-grain (MG) and single-grain (SG) Single Aliquot Regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol. Initial Equivalent Dose (D_e) results show evidence of saturated OSL signal for the sample of the higher level (with ∼60% of saturated aliquots). Unlike SA data, SG analyses do not meet the usual quality criteria (e.g., relatively high recuperation ratios, only a few grains with useable signal), suggesting that corresponding dating results should be treated with caution.Hence, both MG and SG TT-OSL and MG ESR methods were subsequently employed, as the corresponding signals are known to have higher saturation levels than OSL ones. ESR analyses were based on the Multiple Centre (MC) approach using the standard multi-grain multi-aliquot additive (MAA) dose method, while TT-OSL measurements were performed following Demuro et al. (2020). The latter, however, did not return any useful results for both samples. MC ESR data show the usual D_e pattern (D_e(Al)>D_e(Ti op. D)>D_e(Ti–H)) indicating that among the three ESR signals analyzed, the Ti–H most likely provides the closest estimate to the true burial age. However, low measurement repeatability and goodness-of-of fit indicate that the reliability of the ESR results may be reasonably questioned.Results derived from this multi-technique dating approach provide the first chronological constraints for the sedimentary infill of the Alkerdi cave system. In particular, they suggest that sediment deposition in Cave Level 4 (ALK-OSL01) occurred around 130 ka, which is in good agreement with the minimum age constraint given by the speleothem (80.5 ± 9.0 ka). In comparison, the young age obtained for sample ALK-OSL02 (5.0 ± 0.9 ka) suggests recent Holocene formation of the lowest cave level 1.Finally, the MG De value obtained for the modern sample is close to zero (<1 Gy), indicating that the OSL signal is almost fully reset at a multi-grain level before entering the cave. Additionally, despite the large De overdispersion measured in this modern sample, the De values are one to two order of magnitude lower than those obtained with the same model in the other two samples. Therefore, the large OSL D_e overdispersion (OD) values of up to 64% obtained for the two samples from Cave Level 4 and 1 are most likely related to re-sedimentation processes inside the cave system.  相似文献   

Variations in the sensitivity of the optically stimulated luminescence from quartz in the Xifeng section: A spatiotemporal comparison across the Chinese Loess Plateau since the last interglaciation     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

The sensitivity of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) from quartz is thought to be mainly influenced by source rock (crystallization temperature and quartz defect types) and depositional history (irradiation/bleaching cycles). In this study, the OSL sensitivity of quartz of different grain sizes from loess (L1) and paleosol (S1) layers at the Xifeng section of the Chinese Loess Plateau was analyzed. The OSL sensitivity of the samples from the Xifeng section shows a distinct difference between glacial and interglacial cycles, which is consistent with the patterns observed from magnetic susceptibility (MS) and grain sizes. The highest OSL sensitivity is observed in S1, which is twelve times the lowest sensitivity observed in L1. Moreover, the contribution of the fast component of quartz OSL from the paleosol accounts for more than 90% of the total OSL signal. In contrast, the middle and slow components contribute more in loess, and a significant variation among different aliquots was observed.Comparison of the data obtained from loess sections from different regions, including Xifeng, Luochuan, Jingyuan and Shimao, show significant differences in the magnitudes of OSL sensitivity but a similar pattern between glacial and interglacial periods. The results of this study suggest that, except for the wildfire model proposed to interpret the high OSL sensitivity in paleosol (Zhang, 2018), the shift of wind pattern of westerly wind (i.e., transporting “dim” source from North Tibetan Plateau and northwesterly wind (i.e., transporting “bright” source from Alxa Arid Lands and the subsequent mixture from the different sources may partially contribute to the different OSL sensitivities observed for Xifeng and Luochuan. In contrast, the OSL sensitivity of Shimao samples from L1 was affected by the input from the Mu Us Desert, and those of Jingyuan may affected by the contribution from the Yellow River.  相似文献