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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1)
Abstract Abstract MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a new generation remote sensing (RS) sensor and its applications in hydrology and water resources have attracted much attention. To overcome the problems of slow response in flood disaster monitoring based on traditional RS techniques in China, the Flood Disaster Monitoring and Assessing System (FDMAS), based on MODIS and a Geographic Information System (GIS), was designed and applied to Dongting Lake, Hunan Province, China. The storage curve of Dongting Lake for 1995 was obtained using 1:10 000 topographic map data and then a relationship between water level at the Chenglingji hydrological station and lake area was derived. A new relationship between water level and lake area was obtained by processing MODIS images of Dongting Lake from April 2002 to April 2003 and the influence of lake area variation on water level was analysed with the 1996 flood data. It was found that the water level reduction reached 0.64 m for the 1996 flood if the original lake area curve was replaced with the area curve of 2002. This illustrates that the flood water level has been considerably reduced as a result of the increased area of Dongting Lake since the Chinese Central Government’s ?return land to lake? policy took effect in 1998. 相似文献
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计算模式驱动下GIS体系结构的发展分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
计算模式是信息时代特有的解决问题的方法范式,它综合反映了信息科学的理论、软件与硬件等因素在解决实际问题中相互作用的形式,是与相应阶段主流信息技术相对应的信息系统体系结构的规律模式或构筑范式。该文分析了计算模式驱动下GIS的体系结构从单机模式、局域网模式、广域网模式(WebGIS)到网格模式(GridGIS)的发展过程,指出单机、局域网和广域网模式本质上都具有集中封闭的性质,不同程度地存在着理论、技术、物理、功能和逻辑思维等五大边缘,是典型的空间信息孤岛。网格计算模式是一种彻底的分布式计算模式,GIS的网格模式直接打破了传统模式的技术、物理、功能和逻辑思维限制,并面向理论边缘的解决,具有开放、均质、扁平的结构性质,升格为空间信息网格基础设施。 相似文献
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基于空间信息网格（SIG）的矿产资源评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着GIS的普及和深化,空间信息的大数据量、高复杂性和难共享的问题对其研究和应用提出了新的挑战.空间信息网格(Spatial Information Grid,SIG)作为创新性的网络空间信息基础设施和技术体系,为解决这些问题提供了新的契机.本文在给出SIG基本定义和基本特征的基础上,就如何实现基于SIG的矿产资源评价进行了有益的探索和实践,并取得了很好的效果,为矿产资源评价提供了新的方法和思路. 相似文献
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空间信息栅格SIG框架体系与关键技术研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
空间信息数据量大、处理复杂、难以共享的问题对其研究和应用提出了挑战。空间信息栅格(Spatial Information Grid，SIG)作为创新性的网络空间信息基础设施和技术体系，集成并拓展信息栅格、空间信息系统、Web服务等前沿技术，以“服务”为中心，实现一体化智能化的空间信息获取、存储、组织、分发、分析处理、应用、融合以及互操作，形成基于网络的空间信息资源共享与集成。在给出SIG基本定义的基础上，明确了SIG技术要素和特征，探索并构建了开放性的SIG框架体系，重点研究了SIG中的空间数据共享和分析处理服务技术，为SIG相关研究的拓展和深入提供了总体框架和技术基础。 相似文献
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Yuanyuan Chuai Keyan Xiao Yihua Xuan Shaobin Zhan 《东北亚地学研究》2006,9(1):109-114
Geological data are usually of the characteristics of multi-source, large amount and multi-scale. The construction of Spatial Information Grid overcomes the shortages of personal computers when dealing with geological data. The authors introduce the definition, architecture and flow of mineral resources assessment by weights of evidence model based on Spatial Information Grid （SIG）. Meanwhile, a case study on the prediction of copper mineral occurrence in the Middle-Lower Yangtze metallogenic belt is given. The results show that mineral resources assessement based on SIG is an effective new method which provides a way of sharing and integrating distributed geospatial information and improves the efficiency greatly. 相似文献
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This paper is to construct a "digital local, regional, region" information framework based on the technology of "SIG" and its significance and application to the regional sustainable development evaluation system. First, the concept of the "grid computing" and "SIG" is interpreted and discussed, then the relationship between the "grid computing" and "digital region" is analyzed, and the framework of the "digital region" is put forward. Finally, the significance and application of "grid computing" to the "region sustainable development evaluation system" are discussed. 相似文献
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This article aims to develop a new type of temporal pattern analysis—temporal point pattern analysis (TPPA)—by treating the distribution of activities as a point pattern on a two-dimensional plane using the start time and end time of activities as axes. Geographic information systems (GIS) methods, which are originally used in spatial point pattern analysis in GIS, are introduced to support TPPA. This article presents a case study to understand the temporal patterns of the library visiting activities of university students using a four-week smart card data set in Chengdu City, China. Several methods from GIS are applied, including the measurement of mean centers, kernel density, nearest neighbor distances, and optimized hot spot analysis. Results show that the GIS methods can reveal a lot of information on the temporal pattern of activities, thereby proving the reasonability of the proposed TPPA of activities. Key Words: GIS, human activities, library visiting, smart card data, visualization. 相似文献
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Peter Kamstra Brian Cook David M. Kennedy Chris Brennan-Horley 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):491-506
This article presents an innovative mixed methodology that integrates qualitative geographic information systes (GIS) methods to expand the examination of space in the context of people’s lived experiences and risk. We emphasize the specific ways in which individuals perceive risk by treating risk as relational. Conceptualizing risk as relational challenges traditional assumptions of risk by rejecting that risk is the combination of physical and social elements. Instead, a relational understanding explores the socioenvironmental interactions that are perceived as hazardous, as they emerge in space. Such claims have long animated risk research, but only recently have methodological advances opened opportunities for relational analyses. Using hazardous coasts as the case, we analyze rock fishers’ risk perceptions and whether those perceptions influence their movement. Analytically, we relate rock fishers’ Global Positioning System movement with participant observations, video, semistructured interviews, and sketch maps anchored to questions focusing on spatial understandings of risk. In doing so, fishers’ perceptions of socioenvironmental stimuli are spatially represented, with sketch mapping as a window into the perception–environment interactions that produce risk. This methodology opens new possibilities for understanding human–environment systems that typically overlook how, where, and for how long risky human–environment interactions are perceived in space, if at all. Key Words: qualitative GIS, relational, risk, risk perception, space. 相似文献
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Ariane Drouin 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):526-539
Résumé La micro-topographie des zones inondables influence l'étendue des nappes d'eau des secteurs submergés lors des crues. Cette analyse vise à comparer des méthodes d'interpolation pour la réalisation de modèles numériques d'élévation (MNE) de haute précision représentant la micro-topographie des plaines d'inondation. Ces méthodes ont été comparées au moyen d'un système d'information géographique (SIG) afin d'identifier lesquelles apparaissent les plus efficaces dans l'élaboration de l'image micro-topographique des sites, et ce en fonction d'un nombre restreint de données d'élévation. L'efficacité de chacune des méthodes d'interpolation a été validée au moyen du calcul de l'erreur quadratique moyenne, de tests statistiques, de cartes de l'erreur et d'une évaluation visuelle en trois dimensions. Il ressort que les méthodes d'interpolation du krigeage simple, de la fonction radiale, du réseau de triangles irréguliers et du krigeage ordinaire sont celles qui représentent le plus adéquatement la micro-topographie des sites, alors que les méthodes d'interpolation de l'inverse de la distance et du krigeage universel produisent des erreurs élevées. Citation Drouin, A. & Saint-Laurent, D. (2010) Comparaison des méthodes d'interpolation pour l'élaboration de modèles numériques d'élévation de haute précision dans la représentation micro-topographique des plaines inondables. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(4), 526?539. 相似文献