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二氧化硅溶解度方程和地温计 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对地表至下地壳和上地幔温压条件下二氧化硅溶解度实验研究的进展进行了综述，并给出了石英和非晶质ＳｉＯ２在纯水和盐水溶液中的溶解度定量方程，介绍了估算地热库温度的ＳｉＯ２地质温度计。 相似文献
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甘肃金川Ⅱ号岩体辉石化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
金川Ⅱ号岩体主要由二辉橄榄岩和硫化物橄榄岩构成,单斜辉石和斜方辉石为岩相中主要造岩矿物,单斜辉石含量一般高于斜方辉石.矿物间的结构关系表明主要造岩矿物的结晶顺序为:橄榄石-斜方辉石-单斜辉石-斜长石.单斜辉石的TiO2,Al2O3,Cr2O3和Na2O质量分数依次为:0.29%～1.26%、3.17%～3.59%、0.86%～1.14%、0.29%～0.57%,斜方辉石的TiO2,Al2O3,Cr2O3和Na2O质量分数普遍低于单斜辉石,依次为:0.16%～0.40%、1.85%～2.38%、0.48%～0.68%、0.03%～0.10%.元素间的相关关系显示辉石的类质同像置换方式为:M1Fe2 2 Si=M1Ti 2IV Al,M1Fe2 Si=M1Fe3 IVAl,Fe3 和Ti进入矿物晶格置换Fe2 来平衡Al置换Si产生的正电价差.两种辉石较低的TiO2,Al2O3和Na2O质量分数显示出母岩浆为拉斑玄武岩浆的特征.二辉石温度计和单辉石温度计算表明斜方辉石的结晶温度下限和单斜辉石结晶温度上限大致在1146℃～1166℃之间,单斜辉石的结晶一直持续到1032℃或者更低.金川Ⅱ号岩体单斜辉石演化明显表现出向透辉石端员偏离,暗示岩浆在结晶分异过程中,可能与富钙质围岩发生了同化混染作用. 相似文献
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９０年年代是同位素温度计研究的繁荧时期，在氧，氢，碳同位素方面都取得了较大进展。本文将检索到的数十种温度计予以简单综述。 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(16):2015-2049
Deep reservoir temperatures of 10 important geothermal systems of the world were estimated by applying 13 solute (Na/K) and 21 gas geothermometers. The predicted temperatures were comprehensively evaluated and compared with measured bottom-hole temperatures using geochemometric techniques. The present study reveals (1) high prediction performances in most of the Na/K geothermometers for the majority of the geothermal fields with liquid-dominated reservoirs, whereas low prediction performances were indicated for the geothermal fields with vapour-dominated and high-temperature reservoirs; (2) the gas geothermometers, in comparison to Na/K, are more successful in predicting the subsurface temperatures in high-temperature geothermal systems; (3) the geothermal systems for which Na/K geothermometers have indicated a high prediction performance, the gas geothermometers have specified a low prediction performances, and vice versa; (4) both Na/K and gas geothermometers, generally, overestimated the reservoir temperatures for the majority of the low-enthalpy geothermal fields and underestimated for the majority of the high-enthalpy geothermal fields; (5) the reservoir temperature predictions of gas geothermometers have more scatter than those temperatures inferred from Na/K geothermometers; and (6) in general, Na/K geothermometers seem to be a more successful geochemical tool in predicting reliable reservoir temperatures than gas geothermometers. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(15):1940-1974
Experimental synthesis of spinel peridotite phase assemblages for a range of compositions that mimic natural samples is used to derive a set of empirical geothermometers and geothermobarometers represented by multiple linear regression best-fit surfaces that link the variables of temperature, pressure, and composition. The calibrated geothermometers use reactions that govern the solubility of Al and Cr in both pyroxenes and the Mg–Fe exchange between silicates and spinel. Geothermobarometers map the Mg–Fe exchange between coexisting olivine and clinopyroxene and pyroxenes and Ca–Mg exchange between coexisting pyroxenes. Application of the geothermometers and geothermobarometers to suites of naturally occurring samples indicates that while reactions governing the Cr and Al solubility and solvus of orthopyroxene give useful estimates of ‘original’ mantle temperatures and pressures, respectively, comparable reactions for clinopyroxene yield estimates that are variably dependent on the transport phase of the sample suites. Temperature and pressure estimates from reactions governing Mg and Fe exchange between silicates and spinel and coexisting silicates are all sensitive to the later transport stage of the samples. 相似文献
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基于冰岛部分地热田的实际资料,选择有代表性的、不同温度的地热田,应用CO2、H2S、H2、CO2/H2和H2S/H2气体地热温度计计算热储温度,深入探讨了影响温度计准确性的各种因素,提出CO2和H2S温度计具有良好的实用价值。在热储温度T<200℃时,CO2温度计的预测温度略低;在200℃<T<300℃范围时,H2S温度计标定不够准确。并对现有的其它气体地热温度计进行了简要评价。 相似文献
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A detailed study on the solute geothermometry of thermal water (18 springs and 8 drilled wells) of La Primavera geothermal field (LPGF) in Mexico has been carried out by employing a geochemical database compiled from the literature and by applying all the available solute geothermometers. The performance of these geothermometers in predicting the reservoir temperatures has been evaluated by applying a geochemometrics (geochemical and statistical) method. The springs of the LPGF are of bicarbonate type and the majority have attained partial-equilibrium chemical conditions and the remaining have shown non-equilibrium conditions. In the case of geothermal wells, water is dominantly of chloride-type and, among the studied eight geothermal wells, four have shown full-equilibrium chemical conditions and another four have indicated partial-equilibrium conditions. All springs of HCO3− type water have provided unreliable reservoir temperatures, whereas the only one available spring of SO42− type water has provided the reservoir temperature nearer to the average BHT of the wells. Contrary to the general expected behavior, spring water of non-equilibrium and geothermal well water of partial-equilibrium chemical conditions have indicated more reliable reservoir temperatures than those of partially-equilibrated and fully-equilibrated water, respectively. Among the chemical concentration data, Li and SiO2 of two springs, SO42− and Mg of four springs, and HCO3 and Na concentrations of two geothermal wells were identified as outliers and this has been reflected in very low reservoir temperatures predicted by the geothermometers associated with them (Li–Mg, Na–Li, Na–K–Mg, SiO2 etc.). Identification of the outlier data points may be useful in differentiating the chemical characteristics, lithology and the physico-chemical and geological processes at the sample locations of the study area.In general, the solute geothermometry of the spring waters of LPGF indicated a dominantly (94%) of underestimated deep reservoir temperatures, whereas in the case of the geothermal wells, many temperatures (54%) are underestimated, some are (43%) overestimated and a very small number (3%) are similar to an average bottom-hole temperatures (BHT) of the wells. 28 out of the total applied 29 geothermometers for spring waters have predicted the deep reservoir temperatures that are characterized by statistically significant large differences compared to the average BHTs of the geothermal wells. In the case of waters of the geothermal wells, 23 out of the total applied 28 geothermometers have predicted the reservoir temperatures similar (statistically no significant differences) to the BHTs of the corresponding geothermal wells. 相似文献
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地热系统气体地球化学研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地热系统气体地球化学是迅速发展起来的一个新领域。本文综述了有关地热田气体组份来源的研究工作,回顾了气体地热温度计的阶段性发展,提出了气体地热温度计的分类,概述了地热系统气—水—岩石体系化学热力学模拟的意义,报道了应用气体地球化学研究和开发地热田的进展。 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):1032-1058
Subsurface reservoir temperatures of two important Mexican geothermal systems (Los Azufres and Las Tres Vírgenes) were estimated by applying all available solute geothermometers for 88 and 56 chemical data measurements of the spring waters and fluids of the deep geothermal wells, respectively. Most of the chemical data for spring water of these two geothermal fields are for HCO3 water, followed by SO4 and Cl types. For the Los Azufres geothermal field (LAGF), the reservoir temperatures estimated by Na-K geothermometers for springs of HCO3 and SO4 waters, and by Na-Li and Li-Mg geothermometers for Cl water, are close to the average bottom-hole temperature (BHT) of the geothermal wells. However, all reservoir temperatures for spring waters from the Las Tres Vírgenes geothermal field (LTVGF) estimated by all solute geothermometers indicated significantly large differences (low temperatures) compared to the BHT. Evaluation of inferred reservoir temperatures for spring waters of the LAGF and LTVGF suggests that not all springs nor all solute geothermometers provide reliable estimation of the reservoir temperatures. Even though chemical equilibrium probably was not achieved in the water–rock system, Na-K geothermometers for HCO3 water (peripheral water mainly of meteoric origin with little geothermal component) and SO4 water (geothermal steam heated) and Na-Li and Li-Mg geothermometers for Cl-rich spring water (fully mature geothermal water) of the LAGF indicated reservoir temperatures close to the BHT. However, in comparison with the geothermometry of spring water of the LAGF and LTVGF, fluid measurements from geothermal wells of these two fields indicated reservoir temperatures in close agreement with their respective BHTs. For the best use of the solute geothermometry for spring water, it is advisable to: (1) chemically classify the springs based on water types; (2) identify and eliminate the discordant outlier observations by considering each water type as a separate sampled population; (3) apply all available solute geothermometers employing a suitable computer program such as SolGeo instead of using some specific, arbitrarily chosen geothermometers; and (4) evaluate the temperatures obtained for each solute geothermometer by considering the subsurface lithology, hydrological conditions, and BHTs or static formation temperatures whenever available. 相似文献
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