Neutron irradiation and post-irradiation annealing of rutile (TiO2−x ): effect on hydrogen incorporation and optical absorption     

Geoffrey David Bromiley  Andrei A. Shiryaev 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(6):426-434

Neutron irradiation and post-irradiation annealing under oxidising and reducing conditions have been used to investigate H incorporation in, and the optical properties of, reduced (TiO_2−x ) rutile. Optical absorption in rutile is mainly due to a Ti³⁺ Ti⁴⁺ intervalence charge transfer effect. The main mechanism for H incorporation in rutile involves interstitial H not coupled to other defects, which has important implications for the rate of H diffusion, and possibly also on the electrical properties of rutile. Additional minor OH absorption bands in IR spectra indicate that a small amount of interstitial H is coupled to defects such as Ti³⁺ on the main octahedral site, and indicates that more than one H incorporation mechanism may operate. Concentration of oxygen vacancies has a controlling influence on the H affinity of rutile.  相似文献   

天然含钒金红石加热、淬火及电子辐射改性实验研究   总被引：4，自引：5，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

刘娟鲁安怀  郭延军李宁  李巧荣郑佳 《岩石矿物学杂志》2003,22(4):339-344

天然含钒金红石样品经过1273K加热、淬火和高能电子辐照处理后性质发生不同程度的变化。XRD谱峰显示处理前后样品没有发生物相变化，显微IR图谱证明原样、加热、淬火样品的表面有少量吸附水存在，而辐射样品的显微IR图谱上没有检测到吸附水的吸收峰。用XPS分析比较了处理前后样品表面主要元素Ti、O和V的价态及含量，结果表明，原样经过处理后表面钒和氧的原子百分含量增加，其中淬火样品表面吸附水和钒的含量相对于原样增加最为明显，光催化活性相应较高；加热样品表面的吸附水和钒的含量比原样稍有增加，光催化活性与原样相当；电子辐射样品表面钒的原子百分含量相对原样增加不明显，而对水的吸附能力相对原样较低，光催化效率也略低。  相似文献   

Retention of cosmogenic 3He in calcite     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2015

Cosmogenic ³He can be used to date a wide range of mineral phases because it is produced from all target elements and can be readily measured above atmospheric contamination. Calcite is a particularly attractive target mineral due to its natural abundance, large crystal size (>1 mm), and low He closure temperature (<70 °C), which limit non-cosmogenic ³He components (Copeland et al., 2007). However, several recent studies have shown that some calcite may not be retentive to helium, even under surface temperatures (Cros et al., 2014; Copeland et al., 2007). This study thus explores ³He retention and production in natural calcite samples at four different sites. Samples from two high elevation sites appear retentive to ³He over 10 kyr timescales, whereas two additional sites clearly suffer from diffusive loss of ³He. Step-degassing experiments suggest that diffusion in calcite is controlled by multiple diffusion domains, with an apparent activation energy of 25–27 kcal mol⁻¹. Although minor ³He loss is expected from the smallest diffusion domains, the observed kinetics cannot explain the poor retention at all sites. We thus propose that opaque (non-transparent) calcite may be more retentive due to the presence of imperfections in the crystal lattice. We conclude that ³He dating of calcite shows promise in some settings. However, because retention depends on crystallographic variability it must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis until robust criteria for retention can be identified.  相似文献   

Brillouin scattering study on elastic and piezoelectric properties of laser irradiated ZnO single crystals     

刘洁  蒋毅坚 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(11)

Brillouin light scattering technique can be successfully used to determine the whole set of elastic and piezoelectric constants of a ZnO single crystal irradiated by different laser energy densities, into a micron range (radiation layer thickness). It is found that the scattering intensity, the linewidth and the Brillouin scattering shift of acoustic phonons are all strongly dependent on laser energy density. Based on the sound propagation equations and these results, the directional dependences of the compressional and shear moduli of the irradiated ZnO sample in the (001) plane are investigated. It is found that under an appropriate laser condition, 248 nm KrF excimer laser irradiation can significantly improve the surface quality and increase the elastic properties of ZnO single crystal. This procedure has potential applications in the fabrication of ZnO-based surface acoustic wave and optic-electronic devices.  相似文献   

新疆绿柱石宝石辐照致色机制的吸收光谱研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

康雷雅  王天雕 《矿物岩石》1991,11(2):27-30

本文对新疆阿尔泰天然淡蓝、浅蓝宝石级绿柱石辐照前后及退火处理伴随着颜色改变的吸收光谱等进行了分析讨论,认为天然淡蓝、浅蓝色绿柱石经~(60)Co-γ辐照变成黄绿色,其原因主要归因于遂道中Fe~(2-)向Fe~(3+)的转变和八面体中Fe~(3+)和配位体O~(2-)的电荷转移。  相似文献   

Exfoliation of kaolinite by urea-intercalation precursor and microwave irradiation assistance process     

Pi Zhenbang  Liu Zhuoqin  Yang Chao  Tian Xike  Fei Jinbo  Zheng Jianhua 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2007,1(1):26-29

A type of exfoliated kaolinite was produced by urea-intercalation and original microwave irradiation assisted method. The product was investigated by Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and laser particle analysis techniques. FT-IR spectra show that NHCO molecule exists in the intercalated kaolinite. XRD analyses indicate that the kaolinite sheet-like structure was disordered after microwave irradiation. The urea decomposition process and explosion effect between the sheet-like structures of kaolinite under microwave irradiation were discussed. The SEM and BET analyses reveal that the end product is exfoliated kaolinite with thin particles and increased surface area. Size and zeta potential analyses show that the particle size distribution is between 250 nm and 550 nm with normal distribution and the particle is negatively charged. In comparison with the conventional grind method, the process adopted appears to be economic and the exfoliated kaolinite end product may display a significantly enhanced performance in industrial applications.  相似文献   

绿柱石通道中配合物的振动光谱和辐照裂解   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

亓利剑  叶松  向长金  裴景成  石国华 《地质科技情报》2001,20(3):59-64

以四川平武富碱型绿柱石为研究对象 ,采用 IR和 L RM测试方法 ,重点对通道中氢化物和多聚合离子的配位构型、辐照裂解及热致转型进行了较深入系统的研究。研究表明 ,在该区成矿作用条件下 ,绿柱石通道中的钠离子趋向与氢离子化合反应生成 Na H氢化物 ,并占据通道中的 C2 位。在垂直 c轴方向上 ,以 3165 cm-1,3114 cm-1及 30 31cm-1伸缩振动弱吸收谱带为特征。[Fe2 ( OH) 4 ] 2 多聚合离子占据通道中的 C1位 ,以 32 34 cm-1伸缩振动锐吸收谱带为特征 (∥ c轴 )。辐照作用导致上述多聚合离子的裂解 ,并形成不稳定的 [H0 ] i心和相对稳定的 [Fe3 ] OH心。与之对应的吸收谱带分别出现在 3110 cm-1(⊥ c轴 )和 335 5cm-1(∥c轴 )处。通道中 Na H和 [Fe2 ( OH) 4 ] 2 多聚合离子的存在 ,可视为该类型绿柱石的一个重要的成因标志。  相似文献   

辐照绿柱石的色心与赋色机制   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

亓利剑  叶松  向长金  裴景成  罗永安 《地质科技情报》2001,20(4):68-72

在不同辐照剂量的带电粒子作用下，四川无色绿柱石因赋色而呈现浅蓝色，蓝绿色，黄绿色，浅黄色及橙黄色，紫外可见吸收光谱（UV－VIS）和阴极发光光谱（CLS）研究表明，辐照绿柱石中存在两组与赋色密切相关的色心组合，其一为相对稳定的[Fe^3 ]OH和[Fe^3 4]心，其二则为不稳定的[H^0]i心和F^ 心，二者对可见光的能量分别具有不同程度的选择性吸收和发射，由此产生特征的吸收与发射光谱。低温退火处理（210℃），有助于消除辐照绿柱石中不稳定的色心，使相对稳定的[Fe^3 ]OH心黉度再度聚集，并形成新的缺陷（二次缺陷），进而提高稳定色心的主波长和饱和度。研究证实，二次缺陷形成的初始温度，可近似代表辐照绿柱石的最佳热固色温度点，经辐照与热固色作用而形成的黄色，橙黄色绿柱石的颜色相对稳定，并不因长期日照或低温受热（＜280℃）而褪色。  相似文献   

绿柱石的辐照赋色与效应   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

向长金  亓利剑  周开灿  罗永安 《地质科技情报》2001,20(4):73-76

利用电子加速器为辐照源，对四川，新疆等产的无色绿柱石进行了辐照改色处理。在改色实验中，对辐照源的输出功率，电子能量，扫描面积，扫描速度，辐照剂量等参数，及辐照后样品的辐照效应，环境适应性，时效考验等特性进行了较系统的实验研究，并拟定出一套适合不同成因的无色绿柱石辐照改色的优选方案，对绿柱石的辐照机制和应效进行了探讨。  相似文献   

3. Solar System Formation and Early Evolution: the First 100 Million Years     

Thierry Montmerle  Jean-Charles Augereau  Marc Chaussidon  Mathieu Gounelle  Bernard Marty  Alessandro Morbidelli 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2006,98(1-4):39-95

The solar system, as we know it today, is about 4.5 billion years old. It is widely believed that it was essentially completed 100 million years after the formation of the Sun, which itself took less than 1 million years, although the exact chronology remains highly uncertain. For instance: which, of the giant planets or the terrestrial planets, formed first, and how? How did they acquire their mass? What was the early evolution of the “primitive solar nebula” (solar nebula for short)? What is its relation with the circumstellar disks that are ubiquitous around young low-mass stars today? Is it possible to define a “time zero” (t ₀), the epoch of the formation of the solar system? Is the solar system exceptional or common? This astronomical chapter focuses on the early stages, which determine in large part the subsequent evolution of the proto-solar system. This evolution is logarithmic, being very fast initially, then gradually slowing down. The chapter is thus divided in three parts: (1) The first million years: the stellar era. The dominant phase is the formation of the Sun in a stellar cluster, via accretion of material from a circumstellar disk, itself fed by a progressively vanishing circumstellar envelope. (2) The first 10 million years: the disk era. The dominant phase is the evolution and progressive disappearance of circumstellar disks around evolved young stars; planets will start to form at this stage. Important constraints on the solar nebula and on planet formation are drawn from the most primitive objects in the solar system, i.e., meteorites. (3) The first 100 million years: the “telluric” era. This phase is dominated by terrestrial (rocky) planet formation and differentiation, and the appearance of oceans and atmospheres.  相似文献