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地震灾变事件的直接证据是地层中留下的特殊的沉积记录——震积岩。鲁南地区新元古界石旺庄组底部发育的一套碳酸盐岩泥晶脉、液化卷曲变形构造、丘状层理、砾屑层等典型的地震-海啸震积岩序列,表明本区新元古代曾有过一个持续很长时间的地震活跃期。依据其沉积组合规律,可以识别出7个地震幕,30余次地震。造成这一地震灾变事件的主要原因是古郯庐断裂带的早期裂陷作用。 相似文献
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PIERRE CALLOT FRANCIS ODONNE ELIE-JEAN DEBROAS AGNÈS MAILLARD DAMIEN DHONT† CHRISTOPHE BASILE‡ GUILHEM HOAREAU 《Sedimentology》2009,56(5):1226-1249
Five successive fossil submarine slides have been mapped and described in the Sobrarbe deltaic complex (Ainsa Basin, Spanish Pyrenees). These slides affect and remove up to 15% of the delta front. The head of the scar surfaces is recognized clearly in the field due to the angular unconformity between the infilling sediments and the underlying layers. Most of the slide scarps trend 55°N with 20° to 40° dips indicating north-westward sliding. Downslope, traces of the sliding surfaces parallel stratification. However, these surfaces can be identified by displaced masses, resedimented sandstones and soft-sediment deformation features such as metre-scale half-grabens, normal faults and tension cracks; all the surfaces indicate a sliding displacement toward the north-west. A three-dimensional model built from topographic data with Earth Vision® software shows the architecture of the slide surfaces and provides an estimation of the volume of each sedimentary body within the limit of the studied area. This study also indicates that: (i) the sediments have been cut and carried away before their lithification; (ii) the sedimentation rate infilling a single slump scar is estimated to be about 8 m per 1000 years, i.e. 10 times higher than in the overall area of the Sobrarbe deltaic complex; (iii) each composite scar progressively develops and infills by retrogressive slumps; (iv) the successive slide surfaces stack vertically in a collapse complex structure and migrate downward to follow the sea-level drop between two successive collapse complex structures; (v) the development of the scars in the Sobrarbe delta is described from a seven-stage conceptual model starting with a regressive event; and (vi) the triggering of the Sobrarbe instabilities is controlled by high values of sedimentation rate, relative sea-level falls mainly controlled by tectonic uplift, and likely seismic activity. 相似文献
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作者对浙西寒武系碳酸盐岩做系统调查时发现,在开化裴岭脚产出的大陈岭组碳酸盐岩中含有大量的液化泥晶脉、微同生变形构造、角砾岩及与之伴生的浊积岩等典型的地震-海啸沉积标志。根据震积岩特征及其在剖面上的分布,该地大陈岭期的地震活动可以分为两期:第一期以震积岩(A,液化亮晶脉和泥晶脉)、啸积岩(B,具丘状层理或平行层理的内碎屑白云质灰岩)、震浊积岩(C,具递变层理或鲍马序列且层面上有槽模构造的砾屑白云质灰岩或砂屑白云质灰岩)和背景沉积(D)组成的A-B-C-D沉积序列为特征;第二期为震积岩(A,液化亮晶脉和泥晶脉、震裂岩、震褶岩和内碎屑角砾岩等)和沉积背景(D)组成的A-D沉积序列。而在常山白石和芳村的大陈岭组剖面,上述特征不明显,但局部能看到液化变形构造。往南东至江山的碓边则不见震积岩特征。从震积岩的分布上分析,浙西大陈岭期的地震活动不受控于江绍深断裂,应与开化—淳安大断裂的形成有关,是开化—淳安大断裂形成于早古生代的一个证据。此外,值得一提的是,这是确凿的后震旦纪的“Molartooth”。 相似文献
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