高岭石和蒙脱石吸附Li~+的实验研究     

吴雅琴  赵志琦 《矿物学报》2011,31(2):291-295

为探讨粘土矿物从溶液中吸附锂的基本特征,选取蒙脱石和高岭石与合成的含锂人工海水(ρ(Li)=1.4mg/L)在室温下进行吸附反应,探讨其吸附平衡时间、pH和水岩比对吸附的影响。实验结果表明蒙脱石和高岭石与锂溶液在2 h内均达到吸附平衡。pH从4升高至8时,高岭石对锂吸附的量从33.2μg/g升高到72.4μg/g。而pH>8时,高岭石对锂吸附的量开始减小。水岩比明显的影响到高岭石的吸附能力。水岩比从50mL/g变化到100 mL/g和200 mL/g,其吸附量从25.2μg/g增加到58.8μg/g和142.6μg/g。这说明所用高岭石量足够与实验溶液达到吸附平衡,可以用本实验来研究吸附过程的锂同位素分馏特征。  相似文献   

江汉平原高砷含水层沉积物地球化学特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李红梅  邓娅敏  罗莉威  王焰新  段艳华  董创举  甘义群 《地质科技情报》2015,(3):178-184

选取江汉平原典型地下水砷中毒区仙桃市沙湖原种场为研究区,对3个长50m的钻孔沉积物砷含量与赋存形态及其他化学组成进行了分析。结果表明区内沉积物砷质量分数为1.35~107.5mg/kg(平均值为12.8mg/kg)。黏土或亚黏土层中砷含量较高,这与细粒沉积物中铁锰氧化物、黏土矿物对砷的吸附有关。地下20m左右深度内含水层沉积物中砷含量最高,相应地下水中砷质量浓度高达到1 000μg/L。草酸-草酸铵选择性提取结果指示沉积物中10%~77%(平均38%)的As与无定形铁氢氧化物结合,表明无定形铁氢氧化物还原性溶解可能是控制砷释放与还原的主要地球化学过程,并且有机质生物氧化机制极大地促进了该过程。然而,沉积物中仅1.2%~23%的铁被草酸-草酸铵提取,含水层中砷浓度主要受铁的氢氧化物还原性溶解影响,但其他形式的铁、有机物的吸附作用亦控制着砷的含量。  相似文献   

安徽马鞍山市当涂地区地下水水化学特征及演化机制          下载免费PDF全文

李状  苏晶文  董长春  叶永红  杨洋 《中国地质》2022,49(5):1509-1526

【研究目的】 了解长江中下游平原地区地下水流系统并深入分析其地下水水化学特征及其演化机制。【研究方法】 综合马鞍山市当涂地区的水文地质条件、水动力场等,基于研究区水化学基本特征,运用多元统计分析、水化学图件、离子比值和反向水文地球化学模拟等方法对该地区浅层地下水水化学演化进行分析。【研究结果】 结果表明：（1）研究区地下水主要为低矿化度偏碱性水,地下水组分中阳离子以Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺为主,阴离子以HCO₃^-和SO₄^2-为主。（2）研究区地下水水化学类型主要可分为7类,其中松散岩类孔隙含水岩组和碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙含水岩组的水化学类型主要为HCO₃^-Ca型、HCO₃^-Ca·Na型、HCO₃·Cl-Ca·Na型以及HCO₃^-Ca·Mg型;基岩类裂隙含水岩组的化学类型主要为HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg型和SO₄·HCO₃^-Ca·Mg型。（3）研究区浅层地下水水样超标率为46%,总体水质较差,超标率较高的组分依次为Mn、高锰酸盐指数（COD_Mn）、硝酸盐（以N计）、Fe、As、氨氮（以N计）等。（4）研究区地下水的化学组分主要受到岩石风化作用的控制;此外,还存在Na-Ca的正向阳离子交替吸附作用。反向水文地球化学模拟结果进一步定量论证了水岩相互作用对本区浅层地下水组分的形成和演化起着主导作用。【结论】 研究区地下水主要为低矿化度偏碱性,主要可分为松散岩类孔隙水、碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙水和基岩类裂隙水。主要离子比例和反向水文地球化学模拟揭示了本区浅层地下水化学组分主要是地下水溶滤方解石、白云石等碳酸盐矿物、石英、长石等硅酸盐矿物,高岭土等黏土矿物以及岩盐、石膏等达到过饱和之后形成的。  相似文献   

Mg/Al型双金属氧化物对六价铬的吸附作用   总被引：29，自引：2，他引：27  

郑丽波  叶瑛  季珊珊  杨帅杰 《地球化学》2004,33(2):208-214

研究了水溶液中六价铬Cr(Ⅵ)在Mg/Al型双金属氧化物(Mg/Al-LDOs)上的吸附情况.双金属氧化物(LDOs)能通过吸附环境中的阴离子和水分子来恢复重建水滑石结构.实验表明,Mg/Al-LDOs对Cr(Ⅵ)有很强的吸附能力,其吸附能力和吸附速度都远大于未焙烧的Mg/Al型水滑石,后者的吸附机制主要是离子-离子交换.吸附动力学研究表明,Mg/Al-LDOs对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附主要发生在0～3h,吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程.Mg/Al-LDOs对Cr(Ⅵ)的平均吸附量大约为64.2mg/g,略低于根据Langmuir方程算出的理论吸附量(74.83mg/g),远小于水滑石的最大阴离子交换容量(301.6mg/g),这主要是环境中的CO2-3离子的竞争吸附引起的.  相似文献   

Fractal-like adsorption kinetics of Pb^2＋ in rocks   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Longjun Xu  Zhengguo Zhou  Chenglun Liu  Xuefu Xian 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(2):126-129

The adsorption kinetics of Pb^2＋ in rocks has been studied using ion selective electrodes and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the adsorption process is a fractal-like reaction. The adsorption rate was relatively high before 30 minutes, and then dropped. The saturated adsorption capacity （a） of Pb^2＋ and kinetic parameters （b, a, D and k） increased with increasing initial concentrations of Pb^2＋. These parameters （except a） decreased while Na^＋ was present in the solution. Furthermore, the smaller the rocks were in grain size, the bigger these kinetic parameters would be, though the parameter a was almost constant.  相似文献   

磷灰石对铀的吸附实验及其对相山矿田铀成矿意义探讨     

王倩  胡宝群  牛建国  宋金如  邱林飞 《地质论评》2016,62(S1):337-338

相山铀矿田是典型的火山岩型热液铀矿田,在矿田内赋存的铀矿物主要有沥青铀矿、钛铀矿、铀钍石等,大量的水云母、磷灰石、赤铁矿、绿泥石、金红石、微晶石英等矿物与铀矿物密切共生。这些共生矿物的共同特征之一为颗粒细小,呈纳米级,非晶质,胶体性质显著。铀矿物大量分布于这些胶态共生矿物的表面和裂隙中（胡宝群,2011;王倩,2016）。可知,吸附作用是导致铀富集沉淀的重要机理之一。本文以磷灰石为例,通过宏观地质特征研究及实验模拟,探讨pH、温度、热液共存组分、时间等物理化学条件对磷灰石吸附铀的制约,进而探讨磷灰石的吸附性能对富大铀矿床形成的意义。  相似文献   

SORPTION AND DESORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF CADMIUM BY FOUR DIFFERENT SOILS IN NORTHEAST CHINA   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

ZHANG Lei SONG Feng-bin 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(4):343-347

1IN TR O D U C TIO NA s a persistentand toxic pollutant, cadm ium (C d) canresultin m any adverse health effects in a variety oftis-suesand organssuch asthe lung,kidney,urinary,blad-der,pancreas,breast and prostate (SA TA R U G etal.,2003).C adm ium in so…  相似文献   

Absorption of Arsenite on Several Iron （Hydro-）Oxides and Impact from Pre-processing Methods     

YE Ying JI Shanshan WU Daidai LI Jun ZHANG Weirui 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(2):200-205

The absorption reactions of arsenite on Fe （hydro-）oxides are studied. The three absorbent types are Fe（OH）3 gel and two Fe （hydro-）oxides, in which the Fe（OH）3 gel was dried in a microwave oven under vacuum at 80℃. It is found that pH changes from 9.71 to 10.36 in 6 minutes after the Fe （OH）3 gel was mixed with NaAsO2 solution, as the arsenite replaces the OH- in goethite and Fe（OH）3. At the 40th minute after the start of the reaction, pH decreases, which is most probably because that the monodentate surface complex of absorbed arsenite has changed into mononuclear-bidentate complex and released proton. The decline in pH values indicates not the end of the absorption but a change in the reaction type. Temperature and dissolved gas has little effect on these two types of reactions. The total absorption of arsenite increases after the absorbent is irradiated with ultrasound, which also lead to difficulty in separating the solids from solution. The absorption capacity for arsenite of Fe（OH）3 gel dried in a microwave oven under vacuum is 53.18% and 17.22% respectively better than that of Fe （OH）3 gel and gel dried at 80℃. The possible reasons are that the water molecules in the gel vibrates with high frequency under the effect of microwave irradiation, thereby producing higher porosity and improved surface activity.  相似文献   

Adsorption of Pentachlorophenol onto Oxide and Clay Minerals： Surface Reaction Model and Environmental Implications     

WU Daqing DIAO Guiyi YUAN Peng PENG Jinlian 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(2):192-199

The adsorption of pentachlorophenol （PCP） onto quartz, kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite and iron oxides has been investigated by batch equilibrium techniques. The pH-dependent isotherms are curves with peak values, the position of which is at about pH = 5-6 depending on the mineral species. Based on distribution of both speciation of surface hydroxyls on minerals and PCP in solution a surface reaction model involving surface complexation and surface electrostatic attraction is presented to fit the pH-dependent isotherms, and both reaction constants are calculated. The results show that on quartz and phyllosilicate minerals the predominant adsorption reaction is surface complexation, meanwhile both of surface electrostatic attraction and surface complexation are involved on the iron oxide minerals. The reaction constants of surface electrostatic adsorption are usually one to three orders in magnitude, larger than that of surface complexation. The concentration-dependent isotherms can be well fitted by Langmnir equation with the correlation coefficient R〉0.93 for kaolinite and iron oxides. The maximum adsorption is found in the order： hematite 〉 lepidocrocite 〉 goethite 〉 kaolinite 〉 quartz 〉 montmorillonite ≈ illite, which can be interpreted by consideration of both reaction mechanism and surface hydroxyl density. The significant adsorption of PCP onto mineral surfaces suggests that clay and iron oxide minerals will play an important role as HIOCs are adsorbed in laterite or latertoid soil, which is widespread in South China.  相似文献   

Speciation of adsorbed arsenate on the surface of hydrous iron oxide     

Yongfeng JIA Xin WANG George Demopoulos 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):35-35

Adsorption of arsenate on hydrous iron oxide is an important process controlling geochemical cycling of arsenic in environment as well as the fate of arsenic-bearing mining wastes. The widely accepted view on the mechanism of adsorption is that arsenate is adsorbed via bidentate binuclear inner-sphere complexation. In this study, we characterized the arsenate-hydrous iron oxide sorption solids synthesized at pH=3-8 using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. It has been determined that poorly crystalline ferric arsenate developed on the surface of iron oxide when arsenate was sorbed at acidic pH, while at alkaline pH the adsorption of arsenate was via bidentate complexation.  相似文献