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Guang-Zhong Xie Luo-En Chen Huai-Zhen Li Li-Sheng Mao Hong Dai Zhao-Hua Xie Li Ma Shu-Bai Zhou National Astronomical Observatories Yunnan Observatory Chinese Academy of Science Kunming Yunnan Astrophysics Center Yunnan University Kunming Physics Department Yunnan Normal University Kunming Physics Department Yuxi Normal College Yuxi Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2005,5(5):463-470
Black hole mass is one of the fundamental physical parameters of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), for which many methods of estimation have been proposed. One set of methods assumes that the broad-line region (BLR) is gravitationally bound by the central black hole potential, so the black hole mass can be estimated from the orbital radius and the Doppler velocity. Another set of methods assumes the observed variability timescale is determined by the orbital timescale near the innermost stable orbit around the Schwarzschild black hole or the Kerr black hole, or by the characteristic timescale of the accretion disk. We collect a sample of 21 AGNs, for which the minimum variability timescales have been obtained and their black hole masses (Mσ) have been well estimated from the stellar velocity dispersion or the BLR size-luminosity relation. Using the minimum variability timescales we estimated the black hole masses for 21 objects by the three different methods, the results are denoted by Ms, Mk and Md, respectively. We compared each of them with Mσindividually and found that: (1) using the minimum variability timescale with the Kerr black hole theory leads to small differences between Mσand Mk, none exceeding one order of magnitude, and the mean difference between them is about 0.53 dex; (2) using the minimum variability timescale with the Schwarzschild black hole theory leads to somewhat larger difference between Mσand Ms: larger than one order of magnitude for 6 of the 21 sources, and the mean difference is 0.74 dex; (3) using the minimum variability timescale with the accretion disk theory leads to much larger differences between Mσand Md, for 13 of the 21 sources the differences are larger than two orders of magnitude; and the mean difference is as high as about 2.01 dex. 相似文献
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Wei-Hong Gao Da-Ming Wei Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2005,5(6):571-578
X-ray emission lines have been observed in X-ray afterglows of several γ-ray bursts (GRBs). It is a major breakthrough for understanding the nature of the progenitors. It has been proposed that the X-ray emission lines can be well explained by the Geometry-Dominated models, but in these models the illuminating angle is much larger than that of the collimated jet of the GRB. For GRB 011211, we have obtained an illuminating angle of about θ- 45°, while the angle of the GRB jet is only 3.6°. So we propose that the outflow of GRBs with emission lines should have two distinct components: a wide component that illuminates the reprocessing material and produces the emission lines and a narrow one that produces the GRB. Observations show the energy for producing the emission lines is higher than that of the GRB. In this case, when the wide component dominates the afterglows, a bump should appear in the GRB afterglow. For GRB 011211, the bump should occur within 0.05 days of the GRB, which is obviously too early for the observation to catch it. Alongside the X-ray emission lines there should also be a bright emission component between the UV and the soft X-rays. These features can be tested by the Swift satellite in the near future. 相似文献
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太阳和天体物理吸积盘中的场是一种空间间歇的磁流。在整个太阳上都可发现这种间歇磁流片，其中光球上90%以上的磁流呈现为强场形态，其强度为0.1-0.2T，大小为50-300km；在吸积盘中，已知脉动磁场比宏观磁场强几个数量级。磁场的重联湮灭，导致在薄电流片区形成小尺度的磁环胞以及同涨的横等离激元。磁流和等离激元之间的非线性相互作用引起自类似塌缩，形成更为空间间歇的塌缩的磁环元胞。而横等离激元诱发的自生磁场具有调制不稳定性，导致磁场塌缩，形成高度间歇的磁流。分别在磁流力学和等离子体动力论两种情况下，分析了这种磁塌缩不稳定性，并用于解释太阳上的间歇磁流以及寻求天体物理吸积盘中的反常粘滞。 相似文献
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