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B. T. G. Gowland A. D. McIntosh I. M. Davies C. F. Moffat L. Webster 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5)
An aluminium smelter on the west coast of Scotland discharges an aqueous effluent containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at the head of Loch Leven. The loch also supports two mussel (Mytilus edulis) farms. Data are presented on burdens of PAHs in the soft tissues of mussels and the effect of these contaminants on glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in mussel hepatopancreas. GST activity is shown to be correlated with total PAH burden and also with the concentrations of certain individual PAHs. These field data show that high molecular weight PAHs are closely correlated to GST activity, whereas low molecular weight PAHs are not. This suggests that 5- and 6-ring PAHs have a more pronounced role than 2- to 4-ring compounds in inducing GST activity in mussels from Loch Leven. It is proposed that it may be more appropriate to link GST activity with 5- and 6-ring compounds only, rather than with the total PAH burden. 相似文献
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Direct effects of pure humic substance (BS1 FA) on three different aquatic organisms (Ceratophyllum demersum, Dreissena polymorpha, and Chaetogammarus ischnus) were demonstrated in this study. Exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.5 mg/L) of this humic substance led to the activation of the microsomal and soluble glutathione S‐transferase (GST) in Ceratophyllum demersum. Exposure to 3‐chlorobiphenyl showed also an elevation of GST activity, which is due to the proposed detoxication metabolism of these chlorinated biphenyl. Coexposure to a mixture of 3‐chlorobiphenyl and BS1 FA showed a reduction of enzyme elevation, but still significant over an untreated control. The direct impact of humic substances seems not to be restricted to a specific class of organisms. 相似文献
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温度对南极衣藻ICE-L(Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L)谷胱甘肽含量及其相关酶活性的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
采用分光光度法研究了在不同温度下(包括最适温度、低于或高于最适温度)南极衣藻ICE-L(Chlamydomonassp.ICE-L)谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、蛋白含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)活性,同时分析了已适应高温(16℃)的衣藻重新适应低温(8℃)时这些指标的变化,以期阐明谷胱甘肽系统与南极冰藻低温适应性的关系。结果表明,当温度低于对照组(最适温度8℃)时,蛋白含量降低,而GSH含量、GPx、GST和GR活性上升,已适应高温的衣藻重新适应低温时也出现类似的结果。但当温度高于最适温度时,GSH含量、GST和GPx活性下降,而蛋白含量和GR活力有上升的趋势,GR活力增长幅度比低于最适温度时的变化小。由此可见谷胱甘肽系统在南极衣藻低温适应过程中,GSH、GPx、GR、GST与低温适应呈正相关,同时除GR外其他因子与南极衣藻高温适应呈负相关,GSH及其相关酶在南极冰藻低温适应中具有重要作用。 相似文献
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为研究温度和盐度对华贵栉孔扇贝免疫相关酶活力的联合效应,采用中心复合设计(CCD)和响应曲面分析法(RSM)进行试验,在实验室条件下研究了温度(19~31℃),盐度(22~38)对华贵栉孔扇贝酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)三种免疫相关酶活性的联合效应,旨在考察温度与盐度对ACP,AKP和GR活性的影响及华贵栉孔扇贝免疫水平较高时的最佳温度和盐度组合,为华贵栉孔扇贝人工养殖所需条件提供理论基础。结果表明:温度的一次效应和二次效应对ACP,AKP和GR活力影响显著(P0.05);盐度的一次效应和二次效应对ACP,AKP和GR的活力影响显著(P0.05);温度和盐度的交互作用对ACP,AKP和GR活力的影响显著(P0.05)。采用响应曲面法,建立了温度和盐度对华贵栉孔扇贝ACP,AKP和GR活性影响的模型方程,该模型方程决定系数分别为0.986 6,0.981 3和0.957 6(P0.01),预测系数分别为0.934 5,0.888 0和0.738 4,表明该模型可以用于预测华贵栉孔扇贝ACP,AKP和GR活力变化。通过模型优化和验证实验,得到在温度24.30℃、盐度30.55时,ACP和AKP活力达到最小值,分别为170.43,181.74U/mg,而GR活力最大为0.34U/mg,满意度达0.95。 相似文献
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GSH system plays a role in the control of the redox balance state,anti-oxidation and protecting life from injury of ROS(reactive oxygen species).In present paper,the possible GSH system of Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L has been investigated by evaluating GSH and GSH-related enzymatic responses at different temperatures using spectrophotometer methods.The results showed that the GSH system is correlated positively to low temperature,and other factors but GR are correlated negatively to high temperature.So GSH and GSH-related enzymes play an important role in the adaptation of Antarctic ice microalgae to low temperature. 相似文献
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谷胱甘肽硫转移酶是一类在细胞解毒和抗氧化过程中发挥重要作用的超家族酶系。采用cDNA末端快速扩增技术,从菲律宾蛤仔中克隆获得Rho型GST和微粒体型GST基因的全长序列(分别命名为VpGSTR和VpGSTMi)。序列分析显示,VpGSTR和VpGSTMi的cDNA全长分别为942bp和661bp,编码234和149个氨基酸。系统分析结果表明,菲律宾蛤仔GSTR与GSTMi在进化树上的位置与其分类所处的位置一致。荧光定量PCR结果发现,VpGSTR和VpGSTMi广泛分布于所检测组织中,且在肝胰腺组织中表达量最高。在鳗弧菌侵染后,VpGSTR和VpGSTMi基因表达量在24h内均表现出明显的上升趋势。上述结果表明,VpGSTR和VpGSTMi可能在菲律宾蛤仔抵御细菌侵染导致的氧化应激中发挥重要功能。 相似文献
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鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)侵染对青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)谷胱甘肽硫转移酶及其基因表达的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在鳗弧菌胁迫下测定了青蛤血清及肝脏谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)活力,利用SMART cDNA文库和高通量测序方法,筛选到青蛤σ型谷胱甘肽硫转移酶基因(CsGSTS)的全长。采用荧光定量PCR法分析CsGSTS基因的表达过程。结果表明,青蛤的CsGSTS基因cDNA全长793bp,编码206个氨基酸,具典型的GST-N和GST-C结构域。血清中的GSTs活力在感染后6—24h显著升高(P<0.01),肝脏GSTs活力在6—12h显著下降(P<0.05),48—96h又明显上调(P<0.01);肝脏CsGSTS基因表达水平在胁迫后3—6h降低,24h显著升高,48h达到最大值,约为对照组的3倍。说明谷胱甘肽硫转移酶及其基因表达参与了青蛤的免疫应答反应。该研究为探索贝类的抗病害免疫机制提供了重要的实验数据。 相似文献
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The aim of the present work was to determine the activities of selected antioxidant enzymes (SOD, Se-GPX, CAT) in two species of bivalves, Scapharca inaequivalvis and Tapes philippinarum, from two sites of the lagoon of Venice that are characterized by different pO(2) (Marghera and Chioggia). The specimens were collected at four times during a 1-year period. In the two species studied, enzyme activities were found to be present in both digestive glands and gills, but with some species-specific differences that may also represent a different adaptation to seasonal variations. The presence of high SOD activities in the gills of both species may be related to their physiological role in respiration. Scapharca inaequivalvis is less sensitive than T. philippinarum to environmental changes, perhaps due to the presence of hemoglobins in this species. Moreover, in the digestive gland of T. philippinarum we found a significant negative correlation between the activities of SOD and GPX that may indicate the presence of oxidative stress. Some correlations between temperature/dissolved oxygen and antioxidant enzyme activity were present in specimens sampled in Marghera. Only GPX adequately responded to changes in dissolved oxygen and temperature, while the decrease in the activity of SOD and CAT in winter may be directly responsible for an enhanced susceptibility of mussels to oxidative stress during this period. We can conclude that the observed differences between Chioggia and Marghera are due to different concentrations of dissolved oxygen. Marghera is an appropriate location to study seasonal variations in water temperature. In fact, in this site, the differences between hot and cold months are quite evident. 相似文献