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1.
为能科学、快速量化地圈定出大洋海山钴结壳优质矿区,笔者基于国际海底管理局提出的矿区选取模型,利用我国西太平洋海山钴结壳资源调查的公开的拖网采样资料,综合钴结壳的分布规律和证据权法所得海山钴结壳资源预测后验概率图,将西太平洋麦哲伦海山区戈沃罗夫盖特平顶海山圈定为钴结壳资源前景较好的远景区,并采用人机交互式的矿区圈定方法圈定出符合国际海底管理局规章要求的7个群组共100个钴结壳矿块。据此估算出戈沃罗夫盖特平顶海山湿结壳资源量为69 487.6×104 t;圈定的100个矿块主要分布在2 000~3 000 m斜坡上,湿结壳资源量为14 092×104 t,干结壳资源量为9 789.35×104 t;锰金属量为1 961.3×104 t,铜金属量为10.17×104 t,钴金属量为54.06×104 t,镍金属量为34.87×104 t。这些数据表明,戈沃罗夫盖特平顶海山规模较大,钴结壳资源前景潜力大,可作为钴结壳深入调查和矿区申请备选海山。 相似文献
2.
海山铁锰结壳基岩岩石学特征及其生长关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究海山铁锰结壳基岩类型与结壳壳层生长的关系。对麦哲伦海山及中太平洋海山区取得的铁锰结壳及其基岩样品在电子显微镜下进行了观察和研究。结果表明，上述2个区域基岩岩石类型主要有玄武岩，火山熔岩，火山碎屑岩，硅质岩和碳酸盐岩，其中麦哲伦海山玄武岩为块状构造，中太平洋海山玄武岩则主要为气孔-杏仁状构造，多发生蚀变或完全蚀变，硅质岩颗粒物质主要是硅藻，碳酸盐岩则以晶质灰岩为主，结壳壳层厚度在各类基岩类型上都有变化，以在玄武岩和碳酸盐岩上变化最大。 相似文献
3.
西太平洋麦哲伦海山区是全球重要的铁锰结壳资源分布区,具有丰富的稀土元素资源潜力。本文对采自麦哲伦海山区Kocebu海山的11个铁锰结壳表层样(<1 mm)进行稀土元素地球化学研究,探讨其含量特征、成因和影响稀土元素富集的环境因素。结果表明:Kocebu海山铁锰结壳表层样品ΣREY(Rare earth elements and yttrium)平均含量为1366 mg/kg,低于前人在麦哲伦海山区其他海山以及邻近的马尔库斯–威克海山区的分析结果;样品轻稀土富集和Ce正异常(平均值为1.45)特征以及稀土元素成因图解、配分曲线和分配系数曲线等均表明该海山结壳属于水成成因;海水中稀土元素含量和溶解氧含量是控制结壳生长的关键环境参数,二者在Kocebu海山所在海区的浅水环境中含量较低;结壳ΣREY含量偏低与采样点水深较浅导致的海水稀土元素含量和溶解氧含量较低密切相关,受碎屑矿物的稀释作用影响较小。在开展铁锰结壳地球化学特征研究和资源勘探评价时应充分考虑采样水深的分布范围,局部水深样品的分析结果可能导致研究结果出现较大偏差。 相似文献
4.
Seamounts are ubiquitous topographic units in global oceans, and their influences on local oceanic circulation have attracted great attention in physical oceanography; however, previous efforts were less made in paleoclimatology and paleoceanography. The Caiwei Guyot in the Magellan Seamounts of the western Pacific is a typical seamount, and in this study, we investigate a well-dated sediment core by magnetic properties to reveal the relationship between deep-sea sedimentary processes and global climate changes. The principal results are as follows: (1) the dominant magnetic minerals in the sediments are low-coercivity magnetite in pseudo-single domain range, probably including a biogenic contribution; (2) the variabilities of magnetic parameters can be clustered into two sections at ～500 ka, and the differences between the two units are evident in amplitudes and means; (3) changes in the grainsize-dependent magnetic parameters can be well correlated to records of global ice volume and atmospheric CO2 in the middle Pleistocene. Based on these results, a close linkage was proposed between deep-sea sedimentary processes in the Caiwei Guyot and global climate changes. This linkage likely involves different roles of biogenic magnetite in the sediments between interglacial and glacial intervals, responding to changes in marine productivity and deep-sea circulation and displaying a major change in the Mid-Brunhes climate event. Therefore, we proposed that the sedimentary archives at the bottom of the Caiwei Guyot record some key signals of global climate changes, providing a unique window to observe interactions between various environmental systems on glacial-interglacial timescales. 相似文献
5.
This paper presents a detailed palaeoglaciological reconstruction of ice sheet dynamics in the Seno Skyring, Seno Otway and Strait of Magellan region of the former Patagonian Ice Sheet, with a particular focus on previously hypothesised zones of rapid ice flow and the evolution of proglacial lakes. Geomorphological mapping from a combination of satellite imagery and oblique and vertical aerial photographs reveals a variety of glacial landforms that are grouped into several discrete flow‐sets and associated ice margin positions. The most distinct features are represented by flow‐sets of highly elongate streamlined glacial lineations on both sides of the Strait of Magellan. Based on the shape and dimensions of the flow‐sets and their abrupt lateral margins, a transverse and longitudinal variation in glacial lineation length and elongation ratio, and the reported presence of a potentially deformable bed and thrust moraines, the flow‐sets are interpreted as zones of rapid ice flow within the Otway and Magellan lobes. We hypothesise that this provides evidence for contemporaneous surge‐like advances within the lobes, which may explain the asymmetry in the lobate margin positions on either side of the strait. The mechanisms that initiated rapid flow are unclear, but are likely to have been influenced by internal factors such as a change in thermal/hydrological conditions at the bed. The topography of the region suggests ice‐dammed lakes would have formed as the ice lobes retreated. The westernmost of the former lakes, Lake Skyring, is delimited by a series of palaeo‐shorelines surrounding the present‐day lake Laguna Blanca and we reconstruct lake evolution based on manipulation of a digital elevation model. The size and orientation of meltwater channels and a large outwash plain indicate that Lake Skyring drained eastwards towards the Strait of Magellan, probably quite rapidly. We conclude that the potential for quasi‐independent surge‐like behaviour within adjacent lobes raises the possibility that, during climate‐driven ice expansion, some advances in this region may have been partly controlled by secondary internal feedback mechanisms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
Surface carbonate and land-derived deposits in the sea off southern Chile were investigated for their mineralogical and geochemical composition. The data were related to environmental features and compared with those of similar temperate and polar carbonate deposits from Tasmania, New Zealand, Arctica, and Antarctica. The mineralogy of the siliciclastic fraction is typical of cold areas and is mainly composed of chlorite, mica, quartz, feldspars and amphibole. The CaCO3 content varies from 30 to 90%; carbonate mineralogy is made up of low-Mg calcite, high-Mg calcite and minor amounts of aragonite. The Ca, Mg, Sr, Fe, and Mn contents of bulk carbonates and some selected skeletal hard parts are comparable to those of carbonates from Tasmania. The elemental composition is mainly related to carbonate mineralogy, skeletal components, and seawater conditions. The δ13C and δ18O values of carbonates are positive, and their field falls between the “seafloor diagenesis” and “upwelling water” trend lines, because the sediments are likely to be in equilibrium with waters of Antarctic origin. The mineralogical, elemental, and isotopic compositions of carbonates from southern Chile show better similarities with the “temperate” carbonates from Tasmania and New Zealand than with the “polar” carbonates from Arctica and Antarctica. Carbonate deposition is allowed by the low terrigenous input, the low SPM concentration and, probably, the upwelling of seawater from Antarctica. 相似文献
7.
麦哲伦海山富钴结壳的稀有气体丰度及He、Ar同位素组成 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
使用MM5400质谱计对麦哲伦海山富钴结壳和结壳基岩进行稀有气体同位素分析,以此示踪结壳形成期间的海洋环境。富钴结壳的He、Ne、Ar、Kr、Xe稀有气体同位素丰度模式与ASW(air-saturated water,饱和空气的海水)的变化趋势一致,说明结壳是在与海水交换平衡的流体环境中形成的。结壳的分馏因子F_3比饱和空气的海水的F_3高2～3个数量级,表明其相对于海水而言是富集~3He的。其相对于空气亏损~3He、富集Kr和Xe的模式与高度富集~3He、亏损Kr和Xe的星际尘粒的模式完全不同,暗示地球外物质并不是支配富钴结壳稀有气体同位素丰度模式的主要因素。结壳中高的R值甚至超过上地幔代表MORB(大洋中脊玄武岩)的典型值8R_a(R_a为地球大气中~3He/~4He比值,R为样品中~3He/~4He比值),揭示了热点型地幔热液对西太平洋海洋环境的局部贡献。圈层结壳的各结壳层之间的R值差异明显,各结壳层之间的尺值的变化趋势是"较高→最高→较高",结壳中层具有高达15.60R_a的R值,明显有深部地幔流体的加入,这进一步表明滋养结壳生长的热液环境本质上是源于地幔柱型的热点热液。玄武质基岩具有较低的R值,说明该类基岩在形成时严重混染有地壳物质,也说明结壳的物源并非来自玄武质基岩。结壳的~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar比值接近于饱和空气的海水值,也表明结壳的成矿流体与周围海水发生了充分的交换。 相似文献
8.
麦哲伦海山区MA、MC海山玄武岩基岩的岩石学特征 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
麦哲伦海山区MA、MC海山玄武岩基岩的岩石学特征研究表明,岩性为蚀变玄武岩、橄榄玄武岩等;结构为基质具间隐、间往结构及拉斑玄武结构的斑状结构;矿物组成为斜长石、橄榄石、辉石及脱玻化玻璃等。按岩石化学成分分类属碱性玄武岩,而稀土分配模式属洋岛碱性玄武岩类型。 相似文献
9.
西太平洋麦哲伦海山铁锰结壳生物地层、生长年代及沉积环境 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对西太平洋麦哲伦海山M11,M2-1铁锰结壳样品超微化石的分析,在Ⅱ＋Ⅲ层结壳层中发现了中新世以来的超微化石种类H．carteri,C．leptoporus和G．oceanica。据此,把Ⅱ＋Ⅲ层结壳归属于第3个形成期中新世一更新世发育的结壳,相当于Halbach等人提出的年青世代层。Ⅰ层内钙质超微化石的缺失可能与白垩纪末期碳酸盐补偿深度的骤然变化有关。冷的、富氧的南极底层水不仅为结壳的形成提供了良好的氧化环境,而且造成了广阔的区域性的沉积间断,从而为结壳提供了生长场所。 相似文献
10.
《China Geology》2021,4(2):288-298
Near-bottom observation data from the manned deep submersible Jiaolong with high-precision underwater positioning data from Weijia Guyot, Magellan Seamounts in the Western Pacific Ocean are reported. Three substrate types were identified: Sediment, ferromanganese crust, and ferromanganese crust with a thin cover of sediment. The ferromanganese crusts show clear zoning and their continuity is usually disturbed by sediments on areas of the mountainside with relatively gentle slope gradients. The identified substrate spatial distributions correspond to acoustic backscatter intensity data, with regions of high intensity always including crust development and regions of low intensity always having sediment. Therefore, acoustic backscatter intensity surveying appears useful in the delineation and evaluation of crust resources, although further more work is needed to develop a practicable methodology. 相似文献