对20世纪70年代中后期Walker环流异常减弱的分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

艾丽坤 《气候与环境研究》2004,9(2):303-315

20世纪70年代中后期以后,位于达尔文岛的观测海平面气压值(SLP)不断升高,而位于塔西提岛的观测SLP不断下降,形成了在年代际尺度上最弱的热带太平洋东西向环流,即Walker环流.70年代中后期以后,在Walker环流不断减弱的同时,亚洲夏季风也在减弱.通过对海平面气压场的长期变化特征分析,我们发现20世纪70年代中期以后,副热带西太平洋(20～30°N,130～150°E)的SLP不断下降,与不断上升的热带西太平洋(10°S～0°,130～150°E) SLP形成了一个在年代际尺度上的反相关震荡型.这个负SLP距平与江淮流域的对流上升运动相对应,造成了中国地区夏季江淮流域降水增加而华北降水减少的格局.    相似文献   

赤道印度洋—太平洋地区海气系统的齿轮式耦合和ENSO事件 I.资料分析   总被引：26，自引：16，他引：10  

吴国雄  孟文 《大气科学》1998,(4)

利用历史观测数据,研究了印度洋海表温度（ＳＳＴ）的季节变化特征,证实赤道印度洋和东太平洋ＳＳＴ年际变化有显著的正相关,指出这种正相关是由于沿赤道印度洋上空纬向季风环流和太平洋上空Ｗａｌｋｅｒ环流之间显著的耦合造成的。这两个异常的纬向环流圈之间的耦合形式看起来很象是存在于赤道印度洋和太平洋上空的一对齿轮（简写为ＧＩＰ）,当一个作顺时向变化时,另一个则作反时向变化。文中还证明ＥＮＳＯ事件与ＧＩＰ的年际异常存在很好的对应关系,暖事件时ＧＩＰ为反向运转;冷事件时ＧＩＰ为正向运转;异常的ＧＩＰ的啮合点位于印尼群岛附近。对８０年代以来的ＥＮＳＯ事件的分析表明,每次事件前期异常的ＧＩＰ的啮合点首先出现在印度洋上空,然后逐渐传入太平洋,引起ＧＩＰ东侧的大气纬向风ｕ和ＳＳＴ同时发生异常变化。当这种风场和ＳＳＴ的异常变化发展东传到达赤道中东太平洋时,导致ＥＮＳＯ事件最终出现。本文由此指出印度洋上空纬向环流的异常可以通过印度洋和太平洋上空大气系统的齿轮式耦合去影响赤道中东太平洋的海－气相互作用并触发ＥＮＳＯ事件发生。  相似文献   

Contrasting Regional Responses of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall to Exhausted Spring and Concurrently Emerging Summer El Ni?o Events     

E.K.KRISHNA KUMAR  S.ABHILASH  SANKAR SYAM  P.VIJAYKUMAR  K.R.SANTOSH  A.V.SREENATH 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):697-710

The inverse relationship between the warm phase of the El Ni?o Southern Oscillation(ENSO) and the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall(ISMR) is well established. Yet, some El Ni?o events that occur in the early months of the year(boreal spring) transform into a neutral phase before the start of summer, whereas others begin in the boreal summer and persist in a positive phase throughout the summer monsoon season. This study investigates the distinct influences of an exhausted spring El Ni?o(springtime)...  相似文献   

LINKAGE BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND TWO TYPES OF El NI?O AND ITS POSSIBLE MECHANISMS     

董笛  何金海  李建平 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2016,22(2):172-181

After compositing three representative ENSO indices,El Nio events have been divided into an eastern pattern(EP) and a central pattern(CP).By using EOF,correlation and composite analysis,the relationship and possible mechanisms between Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) and two types of El Nio were investigated.IOD events,originating from Indo-Pacific scale air-sea interaction,are composed of two modes,which are associated with EP and CP El Ni o respectively.The IOD mode related to EP El Nio events(named as IOD1) is strongest at the depth of 50 to 150 m along the equatorial Indian Ocean.Besides,it shows a quasi-symmetric distribution,stronger in the south of the Equator.The IOD mode associated with CP El Nio(named as IOD2) has strongest signal in tropical southern Indian Ocean surface.In terms of mechanisms,before EP El Nio peaks,anomalous Walker circulation produces strong anomalous easterlies in equatorial Indian Ocean,resulting in upwelling in the east,decreasing sea temperature there;a couple of anomalous anticyclones(stronger in the south) form off the Equator where warm water accumulates,and thus the IOD1 occurs.When CP El Nio develops,anomalous Walker circulation is weaker and shifts its center to the west,therefore anomalous easterlies in equatorial Indian Ocean is less strong.Besides,the anticyclone south of Sumatra strengthens,and the southerlies east of it bring cold water from higher latitudes and northerlies west of it bring warm water from lower latitudes to the 15° to 25°S zone.Meanwhile,there exists strong divergence in the east and convergence in the west part of tropical southern Indian Ocean,making sea temperature fall and rise separately.Therefore,IOD2 lies farther south.  相似文献   

The ENSO Events in the Tropical Pacific and Dipole Events in the Indian Ocean   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

CHAO Jiping  CHAO Qingchen  LIU Lin 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2006,20(2):223-231

A depth map (close to that of the thermocline as defined by 20℃) of climatically maximum seatemperature anomaly was created at the subsurface of the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean, based on which the evolving sea-temperature anomaly at this depth map from 1960 to 2000 was statistically analyzed. It is noted that the evolving sea temperature anomaly at this depth map can be better analyzed than the evolving sea surface one. For example, during the ENSO event in the tropical Pacific, the seatemperature anomaly signals travel counter-clockwise within the range of 10°S-10°N, and while moving, the signals change in intensity or even type. If Dipole is used in the tropical Indian Ocean for analyzing the depth map of maximum sea-temperature anomaly, the sea-temperature anomalies of the eastern and western Indian Oceans would be negatively correlated in statistical sense (Dipole in real physical sense), which is unlike the sea surface temperature anomaly based analysis which demonstrates that the inter-annual positive and negative changes only occur on the gradients of the western and eastern temperature anomalies. Further analysis shows that the development of ENSO and Dipole has a time lag features statistically, with the sea-temperature anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific changing earlier (by three months or so). And the linkage between these two changes is a pair of coupled evolving Walker circulations that move reversely in the equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans.  相似文献   

Estimation of exploration potential of a metallogenic unit by parametric modeling of the distribution of mineral occurrences when exploration is incomplete. Case study: Walker Lake quadrangle of Nevada and California     

Tetevi B. Wilson  DeVerle P. Harris 《Mathematical Geology》1992,24(7):789-805

Analysis of the distribution of ore-bodies in space can be useful generally in the estimation of mineral resources or the management of exploration. This study is directed to analysis of the undiscovered potential of well known areas of mining district size, referred to as metallogenic units (MUs). The analysis employs an effort-adjusted and truncated probability model for number of occurrences within a subdivision (quadrat) of a MU and Monte Carlo sampling to generate an approximation to the probability distribution for number of occurrences and number of mines within an MU when it is totally explored. Exploration potential for Monitor, Bodie, Aurora, and Camp Douglas MUs (Walker Lake quadrangle of Nevada and California) are estimated to be 9, 4, 7, and 4 mines, respectively.  相似文献   

1991—1992年ENSO事件的特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李若钝  邹娥梅  刘丽惠  孙瑞本  曲维政 《热带气象学报》1993,9(4):358-363

根据美国国家海洋大气局气候分析中心（ＣＡＣ）和中国气象局气候监测公报所提供的海－气资料，综合分析了１９９１－１９９２年ＥＮＳＯ事件的形成、发展过程。这次ＥＮＳＯ事件的主要特点是：①在ＥＮＳＯ事件爆发前一年内热带太平洋海气特性频频呈现异常，暖水堆积在赤道中太平洋（５°Ｎ－５°Ｓ，１６０°Ｅ－１６０°Ｗ）约１２个月，然后自西向东传输，爆发１９９１－１９９２年ＥＮＳＯ事件。②对ＥＮＳＯ事件作出响应的西太  相似文献   

EI Nino类型年对低纬大气环流及我国天气的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

姚建群  陆菊中 《热带气象学报》1993,9(3):239-247

应用热带格点风及OLR资料,通过统计和物理量诊断,讨论了El Nino不同过程类别的低纬环流的差异和季节性特征以及对我国天气气候的影响。得到如下主要结果:(1)El Nino年的不同类型间存在着差异。它们在常定动能、动量和温度的分布特征等方面都存在着明显的差异。(2)El Nino不同的过程类别对我国降水、气温的影响不同,且表现出明显的季节变化。  相似文献   

Interdecadal Variability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon and Associated Atmospheric Circulations     

ZENG Gang  SUN Zhaobo  Wei-Chyung WANG  MIN Jinzhong 《大气科学进展》2007,24(5):915-926

Based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCEP/NCAR） reanalysis data from 1950-1999, interdecadal variability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM） and its associated atmospheric circulations are investigated. The EASM exhibits a distinct interdecadal variation, with stronger （weaker） summer monsoon maintained from 1950-1964 （1976-1997）. In the former case, there is an enhanced Walker cell in the eastern Pacific and an anti-Walker cell in the western Pacific. The associated ascending motion resides in the central Pacific, which flows eastward and westward in the upper troposphere, descending in the eastern and western ends of the Pacific basin. At the same time, an anomalous East Asian Hadley Cell （EAHC） is found to connect the low-latitude and mid-latitude systems in East Asia, which strengthens the EASM. The descending branch of the EAHC lies in the west part of the anti-Walker cell, flowing northward in the lower troposphere and then ascending at the south of Lake Baikal （40°-50°N, 95°- 115°E） before returning to low latitudes in the upper troposphere, thus strengthening the EASM. The relationship between the EASM and SST in the eastern tropical Pacific is also discussed. A possible mechanism is proposed to link interdecadal variation of the EASM with the eastern tropical Pacific SST. A warmer sea surface temperature anomaly （SSTA） therein induces anomalous ascending motion in the eastern Pacific, resulting in a weaker Walker cell, and at the same time inducing an anomalous Walker cell in the western Pacific and an enhanced EAHC, leading to a weaker EASM. Furthermore, the interdecadal variation of summer precipitation over North China is found to be the south of Lake Baikal through enhancing and reducing strongly regulated by the velocity potential over the regional vertical motions.  相似文献   

Conceptual model about the interaction between El Ni(n)o/ Southern Oscillation and Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in far west equatorial Pacific     

LIU Qinyu  LIU Zhengyu  PAN Aijun 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(8)

Interaction between the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in far west equatorial Pacific (QBOWP) and the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is studied using a new conceptual model. In this conceptual model, the QBOWP effects on ENSO are achieved through two ways: (1) the oceanic Kelvin wave along equatorial Pacific, and (2) the Atmospheric Walker Circulation anomaly, while ENSO effects on QBOWP can be accomplished by the atmospheric Walker Circulation anomaly. Diagnosis analysis of the model results shows that the Atmospheric bridge (Walker circulation) plays a more important role in interaction between the ENSO and QBOWP than the oceanic bridge (oceanic Kelvin wave along equatorial Pacific); It is found that by the interaction of the ENSO and QBOWP, a free ENSO oscillation with 3-5 years period could be substituted by a oscillation with the quasi-biennial period, and the dominant period of SST anomaly and wind anomaly in the far west equatorial Pacific tends to be prolonged with enhanced ENSO forcing. Generally, the multi-period variability in the coupled Atmosphere-Ocean System in the Tropical Pacific can be achieved through the interaction between ENSO and QBOWP.  相似文献