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P. M. Bakker 《Geophysical Journal International》1998,134(2):515-518
In isotropic ray tracing, the ray approximation to the wavefield undergoes a phase shift when the ray crosses a caustic. The cumulative number of such phase shifts along a ray is usually called the KMAH index. The sign of these phase shifts is prescribed by the sign of the angular frequency in combination with the sign convention used for the Fourier transformation. In isotropic media the KMAH index always increases by one or by two, depending on the type of caustic crossed. For (quasi-)shear waves in anisotropic media the KMAH index may decrease. This is the case if the associated slowness sheet is locally concave in one or two of its principal directions of curvature. 相似文献
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The straight arc in the galaxy-cluster Abell 2390 is investigated in the framework of a gravitational lens model that invokes
a single background source galaxy. An extended source galaxy at a redshift of 0.913 is being marginally lensed by the foreground
X-ray cluster of galaxies at a redshift of 0.231. It is demonstrated that a single lensed galaxy lying on or very near to
the lip caustic of the cluster lens is capable of reproducing the linear morphology with the observed breaks. 相似文献
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N. T. Afanasiev A. A. Zheonykh M. K. Ivelskaya V. I. Sazhin M. V. Tinin V. E. Unuchkov 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2001,63(18)
This paper is concerned with the oblique propagation of decametric radio waves in the ionosphere with random electron density irregularities. Effective parameters are introduced for calculating the influence of irregularities on the wave field structure. A technique is proposed for determining these parameters from measurements of statistical characteristics of the signal in the vicinity of a regular caustic. The technique uses asymptotic expressions obtained using the interference integral method and perturbation theory, as well as matching them to the numerical solution on the basis of the method of characteristics. A global semi-empirical model that is updated for current ionospheric conditions is used to specify the background medium. The proposed technique has been tested using data from a number of mid-latitude paths. Results obtained in this study testify that the technique deserves a practical implementation. 相似文献
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为了研究运动裂纹与圆形孔缺陷的相互作用机制,采用数字激光动态焦散线方法进行了含圆形孔缺陷的冲击试验。结果表明：在冲击载荷下,I型运动裂纹在与圆形孔贯通前,断裂面光滑,扩展路径平直;运动裂纹从圆形孔上端起裂后,断裂面凹凸不平,扩展路径也更为弯曲。当运动裂纹朝向邻近的圆形孔扩展时,圆形孔对运动裂纹的扩展速度和动态应力强度因子有抑制作用,且随着圆形孔直径的增大,这种抑制作用不断增强。当运动裂纹与圆形孔缺陷汇聚后,圆形孔阻碍了裂纹的继续扩展,裂纹尖端被钝化,钝裂纹的起裂韧度较尖裂纹提高9.58%～13.87%,裂纹再次起裂时的扩展速度和动态应力强度因子存在明显的跳跃,表明钝裂纹更难起裂,需要消耗的能量更多。 相似文献
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Tianfei Zhu 《Geophysical Journal International》1988,92(2):181-193
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