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1.
2018年10月—2019年9月调查厦门下潭尾红树林修复区鸟类群落变化,利用遥感图像解译红树林修复区景观格局,为修复区后续景观格局优化与鸟类保护提供技术支持。结果显示:修复区鸟类共有26科62种,鹭类(8种2047只)与鸻鹬类(16种786只)种类及数量较多。春季鸟类种数及数量最多,其中3月鸟类种数最多25种,5月数量最多828只。下潭尾修复区景观格局在低潮位与高潮位存在周期性变化,不同景观鸟类种类及数量有较大差异;鸻鹬类在低潮位时的种类较多但数量较少,高潮位时仅分布于高潮裸露湿地和建设用地。建议修复区增加鸻鹬类高潮停息的滩涂湿地及游禽类生活需要的生态塘区,进一步提高水鸟多样性。  相似文献   
2.
基于16S rRNA高通量基因测序技术,对毛乌素沙地小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)、柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii)根系微域(即根系、根际土、根区土、灌丛间空白土)间的细菌群落多样性和结构差异性进行表征。本研究对各根系微域间细菌群落的Alpha多样性指数进行了单因素方差分析以及基于OTU水平的PCA分析,探究其在根系微域间Alpha和Beta多样性的层级变化,证实了有关植物根系微域生态位分化的报道,并发现锦鸡儿属植物根系微域间细菌群落的多样性和结构组成随着4个微域类型由外及内呈现出显著的层级差异性(P<0.05)。通过对优势细菌群组的结构组成分析,发现锦鸡儿属植物对特定细菌群组具有显著的向根系内筛选富集的作用(P<0.05)。这种植物通过根系微域对特定细菌群组的逐级筛选富集作用,是导致锦鸡儿属植物灌丛下不同生态位间细菌群落结构和组成发生层级变异的主要原因。  相似文献   
3.
城市植被是维护城市生态系统平衡的重要组成元素,不同类型的植被具有不同的生态服务效益,然而基于植被精细分类的城市绿地景观格局度量研究较少。因此本文以北京城市副中心为研究区,使用夏、冬两季GF-2卫星遥感影像,基于随机森林特征优选和面向对象分类,划分了植被类型,并在此基础上使用景观指数法和移动窗口法分别度量了功能区尺度和栅格尺度绿地景观特征。研究结果表明:针对GF-2数据,使用多尺度分割后影像对象的光谱、纹理特征可以有效地提取植被信息;不同时相的影像能反映各类型植被的物候特征,相比于单时相数据,其分类精度更高,达到了87.7%;各功能区绿地景观格局特征差异较大,城市绿心拥有最丰富的植被且分布集中,商业区植被覆盖度和多样性均较低,绿地景观破碎;北京城市副中心景观多样性及各类型植被分布特征的空间差异显著,当前副中心绿地景观格局已形成规划的基本轮廓,但城市绿心和老城区公共绿地的建设仍有不足。研究探明了北京城市副中心绿地建设现状,证明了国产GF-2卫星在城市生态环境监测中具有较高的应用价值,有助于推动GF-2在城市生态环境领域的应用,并为副中心建设中的绿地系统监测和优化提供参考。  相似文献   
4.
Climate change affects air temperature, sea levels as well as the soil and its ecosystem. The Guinea Savannah and Semi-deciduous Forest zones of Ghana are characterized by different climatic conditions and vegetative cover. Annual average temperature has been steadily increasing whilst annual total rainfall has been decreasing in both zones, and this has been causing a southward shift of the Savannah into the Forest zone. Soil organisms provide crucial ecosystem services which are required for sustainable agriculture and food production yet crop cultivation disturbs the soil ecosystem. The harsh conditions associated with the Savannah further expose the soil ecosystem to disturbance and loss of biodiversity which threatens food production and security. Soil nematodes are the most abundant animals in the soil and play a central and critical role in the soil food web complex. Studying the nematode community structure gives a reflection of the status of the entire soil ecosystem. Soil samples were taken from cultivated and natural landscapes in the Guinea Savannah and Semi-deciduous Forest agroecological zones to analyse the nematode community. Results from the study showed the Guinea Savannah zone recording warmer soil temperatures, lower organic matter percentage and lower nematode diversity(Genus Richness) as compared to the Semi-deciduous Forest zone. If the Savannah continues to shift southward, the Forest zone soil ecosystem risks disturbance and loss of biodiversity due to the harsh Savannah conditions. Our findings indicate that prevailing crop cultivation practices also disturb soil ecosystem in the two ecological zones which span across West Africa. A disturbed soil ecosystem endangers the future of food production and food security.  相似文献   
5.
花斑蛇鲻(Saurida undosquamis)是一种重要的底层经济鱼类, 本研究利用线粒体控制区(D-loop区)序列分析了中国近海分布的花斑蛇鲻的遗传结构和遗传多样性, 一共测定了6个地理群体129尾样本的D-loop区全序列。结果显示, 全长为921bp的序列包含71个多态性位点, 共检测到101个单倍型。花斑蛇鲻总体呈现很高的单倍型多样性(0.9873 ± 0.0048)和较低的核苷酸多样性(0.0132 ± 0.0067)的特征。基于邻接法构建的单倍型系统发育树的拓扑结构很浅, 没有形成分化明显的支系。单倍型在各个地理群体中的分布呈分散交叉状态, 表明地理群体间没有显著的遗传分化。6个群体的分子方差分析显示, 花斑蛇鲻绝大部分的遗传变异(99.87%)来源于群体内的个体之间, 而群体间的变异仅占0.13%。大部分地理群体之间的遗传分化指数(FST)均很小, 揭示了群体间的基因交流很频繁, 存在高度的遗传同质性。这些研究结果表明中国近海的花斑蛇鲻遗传多样性丰富, 没有明显的遗传分化, 是一个随机交配群, 可以作为同一个渔业单元来管理。  相似文献   
6.
Large wood (LW) is an ecosystem engineer and keystone structure in river ecosystems, influencing a range of hydromorphological and ecological processes and contributing to habitat heterogeneity and ecosystem condition. LW is increasingly being used in catchment restoration, but restored LW jams have been observed to differ in physical structure to naturally occurring jams, with potential implications for restoration outcomes. This article examines the structural complexity and ecosystem engineering effects of LW jams at four sites with varying management intensity incorporating natural and restored wood. Our results reveal: (i) structural complexity and volume of jams was highest in the site with natural jams and low intensity riparian management, and lowest in the suburban site with simple restored jams; and (ii) that structural complexity influences the ecosystem engineering role of LW, with more complex jams generating the greatest effects on flow hydraulics (flow concentration, into bed flows) and sediment characteristics (D50, organic content, fine sediment retention) and the simplest flow deflector-style restored jams having the least pronounced effects. We present a conceptual model describing a continuum of increasing jam structural complexity and associated hydromorphological effects that can be used as a basis for positioning and evaluating other sites along the management intensity spectrum to help inform restoration design and best practice.  相似文献   
7.
Pampus minor is an important commercial fish. Due to the similarity of external morphological characteristics among the genus Pampus species, P. minor has often been identified as the juvenile group of both P. cinereus and P. argenteus. While little genetic background on this species is known, this study was based on control region sequences and provided the first evaluation of the genetic signature of 264 individuals of P. minor from 11 populations along the coasts of China and Malaysia. The results indicate high genetic haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity in this species. Additionally, two differentiated haplotype lineages were identified in the P.minor populations. However, phylogenetic structures corresponding to the geographical locations were unable to be established. Analysis of molecular variance identified a vast majority of the genetic variation occurring within populations. F-statistic test value(FST) of pairwise indicated that great differences existed between the Chinese and Malaysian P. minor populations. For the Chinese populations, the genetic differences were insignificant with the exception of the Xiamen population, which is a marginal population. During the late Pleistocene, a population expansion of P. minor occurred. These expanded populations originated from the glacial refugium in the South China Sea and then rapidly occupied and adapted to their new habitat. The results of this study provide genetic information for ensuring the protection and management of P. minor resources.  相似文献   
8.
王涵  赵文武  刘月  刘焱序 《地理研究》2019,74(4):831-843
森林病虫害由于在森林资源中造成的重大破坏而被人们称为“不冒烟的火灾”,其对生态系统的研究具有重要意义。现有基于遥感数据的病虫害研究多集中在森林病虫害的监测、爆发原因以及发病区域内生产力的变化情况,而对于森林病虫害发生后森林中植被指数与叶面积指数之间的相关性的变化情况还相对较少,处于需要持续性深入探讨的阶段。以加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚地区2002—2012年森林病虫害数据为基础,分析不同严重程度的病虫害对叶面积指数(LAI)与归一化植被指数(NDVI)和增强型植被指数(EVI)的影响。结果表明:① 受病虫害感染的像元在轻度(Light)、中度(Moderate)和重度(Severe)三个严重级别中,NDVI与LAI之间的相关性由弱变强,又由强变弱;② EVI与LAI之间的相关性,在轻度(Light)、中度(Moderate)和重度(Severe)三个严重级别的像元中则依次变强。这一研究将为今后利用遥感数据识别病虫害、评价生态系统影响提供基础。  相似文献   
9.
The publication of the European Landscape Convention (2000) had a stimulating effect on the development of both new systems of landscape classification and new methods of their evaluation and mapping. As an example, a new classification of physiognomic landscape types was developed in Poland in 2014. The objectives of the paper are to (1) popularize, on the international scale, the classification of physiognomic landscape types in a new, improved version, (2) present the original method of physiognomic landscape types mapping with the use of the system of basic landscape units, and (3) present the results of testing of the method in the area of the Kazimierz Landscape Park, Poland. In the area of the Kazimierz Landscape Park, 491 basic landscape units were delimited, within which, on the basis of the leading traits of land relief and cover forms, the physiognomic landscape types were identified. Maps of this type can be important tools in implementing the recommendations of the European Landscape Convention. The total number of physiognomic landscape types identified within a specific area can be one of the key indicators of landscape diversity.  相似文献   
10.
以额河源流采金后废弃矿区为研究对象,于2011—2015年期间,通过采取不同恢复措施从被破坏矿区草地植物多样性和生物量的角度分析植被恢复效果。结果表明:(1)不同恢复措施促使各植物群落的物种数增加了5%~30%,说明采取恢复措施使得矿区生态环境得到了一定程度的恢复。(2)综合植被群落结构、盖度和地上生物量、物种多样性指数分析,措施A5(推平+圈羊)、A4(推平+补水)、A3(推平+覆土+黑加仑)较其他措施恢复效果更为显著。(3)通过对各样地植被丰富度指数(R)、Shannon Wiener指数(H′)、Simpson指数(D)、Pielou (Jsw)指数与地上生物量分别进行回归分析,发现指数曲线拟合关系最好。表明物种多样性与地上生物量均存在较显著的正相关关系(P <0.05)。本研究可为类似矿区的植被恢复与重建提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   
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