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1.
脂类分析在海洋微藻化学分类学上的研究进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
总结了目前脂类研究在海洋微藻化学分类学上的研究进展。所有的海洋微藻脂类都含一定的脂肪酸和甾醇，而不同种类的海洋微藻都有其特殊的脂肪酸和甾醇组成特征，我们可以运用这些特性来判别微藻可能所处的化学分类学地位：如果运用从某些藻类中发现的部分罕见脂类成分，还有可能对微藻的个别种类进行确定。随着对微藻中脂类物质分离，提取、纯化技术研究的不断深入，加上质谱、核磁共振等结构分析手段和脂类衍生化技术的日益完善，可以构建海洋微藻脂类物质组成结构快速查询信息库，并使其成为微藻化学分类的一个重要辅助手段。 相似文献
2.
Diagenesis of vascular plant organic matter components during burial in lake sediments 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Diagenetic changes are difficult to distinguish from variations in sources of organic matter to sediments. Organic geochemical comparisons of samples of wood, bark, and needles from a white spruce (Picea glauca) living today and one buried for 10,000 years in lake sediments have been used to identify the effects of diagenesis on vascular plant matter. Important biogeochemical changes are evident in the aged spruce components, even though the cellular structures of the samples are well preserved. Concentrations of total fatty acids dramatically diminish; unsaturated and shorter chainlength components are preferentially lost from the molecular distributions. Concentrations of total alcohols are similar in the modern and 10,000-year-old wood and bark but markedly lowered in the aged needles. Hydrocarbon concentrations and distributions show little diagenetic change in the 10,000-year-old plant materials. Cellulose components in the wood decrease relative to lignin components, although both types of materials remain in high concentration in comparison to other organic components. Aromatization of abietic acid proceeds more rapidly in buried spruce wood than in bark; retene is the dominant polyaromatic hydrocarbon in the aged wood. In contrast to the variety of changes evident in molecular compositions, neither 13C values nor C/N ratios differ significantly in the bulk organic matter of modern and aged spruce components. 相似文献
3.
The sterol analysis of six hydrocarbon seep mussels (mytilid II and mytilid Ib) from the Alaminos Canyon in the Gulf of Mexico is reported. The sterol composition of the mussel-symbiotic bacteria complex reflects a preponderant synthesis of 4α-methyl sterols (seep mytilid II), and a predominant biosynthesis of 4-desmethyl sterols with some amounts of 4α-methyl sterols (seep mytilid Ib). This suggests a methane-based symbiotic relationship between the mussels and methanotrophic bacteria. It also suggests that the biosynthesis of sterols in the mussel-bacteria complex is completed to the level of cholest-5-en-3ß-ol (mytilid II) or 5α-cholestan-3ß-ol (mytilid Ib). 相似文献
4.
The concentration of solvent-extractable (SE) and bound hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, sterols, monocarboxylic acids, hydroxyacids and α,ω-dicarboxylic acids of a surface sample (0–2.5 cm) from a recent carbonate tropical sediment taken at 60ft (18m) depth north-west of the Low Isles, North Queensland, are reported in detail. n-Alkanes are a minor constituent in the SE and bound hydrocarbon fractions with the major component being unresolved complex hydrocarbon material which is not an anthropogenic input. 6,10,14-Trimethylpentadecan-2-one derived from chlorophyll, as well as phytol, were identified as major components of the ketone and alcohol constituents. No chlorophyll pigments or pigmented degradation products were present, implying degradation before incorporation into the sediment. This conclusion is consistent with evidence for higher-plant input in which all sensitive lipids have been degraded before incorporation. SE and bound fractions have been studied in detail and show considerable differences probably arising from the importance of viable biomass in the SE fraction. Inputs to the sediment are determined as higher plants, algae, bacteria, fungi and meiofauna in descending order of importance. 相似文献
6.
海洋褐藻羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)中马尾藻甾醇、岩藻甾醇的分类纯化及抗菌、抗氧化活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文评价海洋褐藻羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)中分离纯化的总甾醇、马尾藻甾醇(Saringosterol)和岩藻甾醇(Fucosterol)抗菌和抗氧化活性。马尾藻甾醇和岩藻甾醇化合物采用红外光谱、核磁共振光谱和高分辨质谱确定其结构。实验结果显示,总甾醇含量在30、60和80mg/m L对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和变形链球菌(S.mutans)具有抑制作用。马尾藻甾醇和岩藻甾醇对金黄色葡萄球菌和变形链球菌具有高活性,最小抑制浓度范围为4—32mg/m L。总甾醇还显示出对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)菌株1924和1356的抗菌作用。而马尾藻甾醇和岩藻甾醇在4—32mg/m L浓度范围内体外对大肠杆菌的抗菌作用不明显。马尾藻甾醇和岩藻甾醇对耐药性革兰氏阳性临床分离菌株具有显著的抑菌活性。另外,药理实验结果显示,总甾醇、马尾藻甾醇和岩藻甾醇的抗氧化活性与它们清除DPPH、ABTS、超氧化物和羟基自由基的能力有关。 相似文献
7.
Compositional data on the sterol and alcohol fractions isolated from deep-sea marine sediments from the Okinawa Trough were obtained to determine the relative contribution from. marine and terrestrial inputs. Following extraction, the sterol plus alcohol fraction was isolated by layer chromatography, derivatized with BSTFA and then analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS. A suite of C26-C29 stenols and stanols and C30-C32 keto - alcohols were identified in the sediments. The thermal stability of the compounds in these sediments was studied by heating portions of the surface sediment in glass tubes fpr 16 hours at temperatures from 50℃ to 200℃.The C27 stanol/stenol ratio increased when temperatures went up to 175℃ , but the distribution of C30-C32 Keto - alcohols remained unaffected. At 200℃ most of the sterols and Keto - alcohols were destroyed. 相似文献
8.
The compounds of sterols such as C27 ,C2s ,C29 and C30 are recorded from C-8 core of the Chukchi Sea. The double bond position is located at 5-, 5,22 as well as 22-,24-. The compound of sterols such as C27 ,C28 ,C29 are recorded from B2-9 core of the Bering Sea. The double bond position is located at 5-, 5, 22 as well as 22. The composition characteristics of sterols indicate that the substance is mainly contributed by the terrigenous origin and marine silicate organisms. The results are also suggest that the record of abnormal sterols from the surface sediments （2 -0 era）in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea represent the period from 1980s to the late 1990s. The strong signal of the Arctic warming is preserved in the sediments, which indicates the eco - environmental change responding to climatic effect of circumjacent. 相似文献
9.
A study on the predominant sources of organic matter and the main diagenetic processes in two different cyanobacterial mats from evaporite-controlled environments was performed. Fatty acids, hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones and aldehydes were anlyzed in selected millimetre and submillimetre core sections. The changes in lipid composition were evaluated by comparison with the vertical distributions of the populations observed by optic microscopy and with the lipid patterns of enrichment cultures of species such as cyanobacteria, diatoms, purple bacteria, sulphate-reducers and methanogens obtained from the mats.The cyanobacteria Phormidium valderianum and Microcoleus chthonoplastes are the predominant primary producers, and occur almost as monocultures in the respective top layers. However, these mat-forming organisms only leave minor features in the solvent-extractable lipid sedimentary record. The predominant fatty acid distributions parallel the composition observed in the enrichment cultures of purple bacteria and appear mixed with acids characteristic of heterotrophic eubacteria such as sulphate-reducers. The concentrations of these lipids are, however, 5–10 times lower than the cyanobacterial acids from the top layer. De novo heterotrophic eubacterial synthesis is also observed in cases such as the highly branched isoprenoid eicosenes, the major hydrocarbon in the deep layers (>2 mm) of the Phormidium mat. Other major diagenetic changes involve dehydration and hydrogenation. These two processes take place concurrently under anoxic conditions and have been observed among the sterols and the isoprenoid alcohols. Significant amounts of 5ß(H)-stanols were observed in the more reducing sections where molecular indicators of methanogenic bacteria were also found. 相似文献
10.
楚科奇海 C-8短柱沉积样中检出甾醇化合物碳数 C_(27)、C_(28)、C_(29)和C_(30)双键位置在5-和5,22-及22,24-的甾醇;白令海 B2-9短柱沉积样中检出甾醇化合物碳数 C27、C28和 C29双键位置在5-和5,22-及22-的甾醇。从两个海域的甾醇组合特征来看,主要来自陆源碎屑物质以及海洋硅质生物自生源组成。研究还表明楚科奇海和白令海沉积地层(2-0cm)中甾醇异常记录对应时间段约20世纪80年代-90年代未,保存着北极增暖的信号,这是北极海域生态环境对周边气候变化作出的响应。 相似文献