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长江河源区的河水主要元素与Sr同位素来源 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
长江源区河水化学成分来自雨雪、蒸发盐岩、碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩。主要支流楚玛尔河、北麓河的主要阳离子为Na 、Ca2 和Mg2 ,占阳离子总量的97%以上.Ca Na,Mg Na,K Na的比值较低,87Sr 86Sr为0 709180±20～0 710280±11,河水成分以蒸发岩类溶解为主。发源于唐古拉山北坡的长江源头,及其支流主要阳离子为Ca2 ,Mg2 ,Na 占阳离子总量的97%以上,Ca Na,Mg Na,K Na的比值较楚玛尔河等河流高,87Sr 86Sr为0 708954±20～0 710455±18,表现为以碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩的溶解为主。计算表明,长江河源区河水中主要化学成分来自蒸发岩中Na 和Cl-,在河流水化学成分中占比例最大,长江河水中Cl-含量从河源区向下游明显逐渐减小,反应出河源区高寒干旱环境下河流蒸发岩的化学侵蚀作用较强的特征。 相似文献
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本文综合运用不同时代幔源包体平衡温压对比、玄武岩地球化学性质对岩石圈厚度的反演以及不同时代岩石圈地幔地球化学性质的对比的方法，把华北地块东部岩石圈的减薄时间限定在晚中生代至新生代之间。减薄的机制可能是华北东部地区晚白垩世以来大陆岩石圈的拉张作用。由于机械性拉薄和热、机械和化学侵蚀作用，岩石圈厚度最终减薄到70km以下。但古老的岩石圈地幔并没有完全因减薄而消失，残留部分受到了来自软流圈物质的强烈改造，使其Sr、Nd同位素组成类似于软流圈，但Os同位素没有受到明显的改变。改造后的岩石圈地幔成为华北地块东部新生代岩石圈地幔的主体。在时空上，岩石圈的减薄具有不均一的性质。 相似文献
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Heqing DU Hajime MIWA 《国际泥沙研究》2006,21(1):1-12
Alternate bars have the property that they migrate downstream whenever floods occur. However, in meander channels whose bend angles are larger than a critical value, the migration of bars can be suppressed, and the positions of bank erosion and flood attack also will be steady. In this study, the bed morphology in flume channels with bends of various lengths and angles is investigated at various flow discharges, and the relation of bed morphology to surface flow is investigated in detail using fluid measuring software. An effort is made to obtain guidelines for the plane shape design of meander channels. Based on the experimental results of bed topography and measurement of surface flow direction and velocity distribution, from the viewpoint of bank erosion and the concentration and dispersion of flood flow the most suitable plane shape for meandering channels is suggested through which the migration of alternate bars is suppressed. 相似文献
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NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS CONTROLLING GULLY EROSION IN THEBASALTIC UPLAND OF SOUTHERN BRAZIL
This paper describes an analysis of natural and anthropogenic factors controlling the evolution of gullies in a rural basin in the basaltic upland in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. In this region of deep ferrallitic soils with more than 60% clay, runoff and erosion are of increasing concern. In the TaboAo drainage basin （100 km^2）, gully erosion was studied in a field survey that measured rills and gullies. Eighty-four gullies were identified. They had an average length of 136 m, were 10 m wide, and 3 m deep and had a volume of 15.458 m3. Each gully was characterised in terms of factors that included slope, geological structure, presence of piping, drainage, soil use, and the presence of surface and subsurface flow. On average, the main channels had knickpoints varying from 2 m to 7 m, and their evolution in the vertical plane increased until bed-rock basalt material was reached, after which gullies increase in width and length. Gully development was also monitored from 1991 to 2003. Subsurface flow appears to be the principal agent controlling their development. Results show that both natural （slope, surface curvature, geological structure and rainfall） and anthropogenic （soil use, road construction） factors are important in gully development. The change in cultural practices throughout the drainage basin from conventional to direct seeding has led to increased subsurface flow, which was more important than surface runoff in causing erosion. However, the higher rainfall during E1 Nifio Southern Oscillation （ENSO） events and the consequently higher subsurface flow were the dominant factors. From 1991 to 2003 a total land loss of 1,013 m3 was observed in one gully, with 236 m^3 lost during the 1992 ENSO and 702 m3 during the 1997 ENSO; 95% of the total volume lost occurred during ENSO periods. 相似文献
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W. WU S. S. Y. WANG 《国际泥沙研究》2005,20(3):233-243
1INTRODUCTION A headcut is a vertical or near-vertical drop or discontinuity on the channel bed of a stream,rill or gully,at which a free overfall flow often occurs,as shown in Fig.1.A headcut is usually eroded by the action of hydraulic stress,basal sapping,weathering,or the combination of these processes.Headcut erosion can accelerate soil loss,increase sediment yields in streams,damage earthen spillways,and disturb bank stability.Therefore,the prediction of headcut migration is a very … 相似文献
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正【课标分析】课程标准要求:"结合实例,分析造成地表形态变化的外力因素"及"举例说明地表形态对聚落分布的影响"。课标首先要求学生以河流地貌为例,分析外力作用对地表形态的影响,认识河流侵蚀地貌和堆积地貌的形成与发展过程,其次要求学生运用图文资料分析河流地貌对聚落分布的影响。【教材分析】教材设置了"河流侵蚀地貌与堆积地貌""河流地貌对聚落分布的影响"这两个问题作为段落的标题。 相似文献
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辽冀省间海域勘界区海底地貌特征及其划界意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
辽冀海域勘界调查区海岸与海底地貌调查研究结果表明，调查区海岸与海底地貌均大致以红石嘴附近向海一线为界，分为东，西两大部分，西部是受大石河入海泥沙影响的以堆积作用为主的地貌发育区，潮间带以沙滩为主，水下岸坡上大石河三角洲和水下阶地发育，陆架平原由早期大石河水下三角洲堆积体为骨架构成；东部红石嘴至环海寺地嘴之间是以岬角侵蚀物质供给为主的地貌发育区，潮间带以海蚀平台和砂砾滩为主，水下岸坡上暗礁成片分布，没有水下阶地发育，由于泥沙来源有限，海底动力地貌过程以侵蚀作用为主，芷锚湾海区是以自娘娘庙至芷锚湾一带沿岸小河入海泥沙供给的，以近岸堆积，水下岸坡侵蚀为特征的地貌发育区。 相似文献
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