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多比例尺空间数据库的层次对象模型 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
多比例尺空间数据库是社会和技术发展到一定阶段后对地理信息系统提出的必然要求。本文分析了产生该问题的原因,多比例尺空间数据库的定义及相关性,回顾了多比例尺空间数据库建立的3种模型以及其组织结构、管理方式和优缺点。本文设计了层次对象模型作为多比例尺数据库实现的概念模型,将多比例尺表达分解为目标集合层次树和目标细节树的设计,详细论述了模型解决多比例尺数据管理的方法,最后讨论了多比例尺数据库的应用前景。 相似文献
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The article is composed of two sections. In the first section, the authors describe the application of minimum line dimensions which are dependent on line shape, width and the operational scale of the map. The proposed solutions are based on the Euclidean metric space, for which the minimum dimensions of Saliszczew’s elementary triangle (Elementary triangle – is the term pertaining to model, standard triangle of least dimensions securing recognizability of a line. Its dimensions depend on scale of the map and width of the line representing it. The use of a triangle in the simplification process is as follows: triangles with sides (sections) on an arbitrary line and bases (completing the sides) are compared with lengths of the shorter side and the base of the elementary triangle.) were adapted. The second part of the article describes an application of minimum line dimensions for verifying and assessing generalized data. The authors also propose a method for determining drawing line resolution to evaluate the accuracy of algorithm simplification. Taking advantage of the proposed method, well-known simplification algorithms were compared on the basis of qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Moreover, corresponding with the methods of simplified data accuracy assessment the authors have extended these solutions with the rejected data. This procedure has allowed the identification of map areas where graphic conflicts occurred. 相似文献
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自动化地理信息综合的发展现状和趋势 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文在强调地理信息综合对于开发和应用地理信息系统的必要性的同时，阐述了区分模型综合和图像综合在新环境下的实用意义，并总结了欧洲和北美地区在自动化综合研究方面所作的主要努力。通过分析现阶段综合方法和编程语言的特点，指出了现有计算机综合系统由于缺乏专家知识而存在的缺陷和局限性，并相应地介绍和讨论了知识获取和表达的几种实用方法。最后，列举了开发未来高智能自动化综合系统应当注意的问题和必须具备的条件。 相似文献
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各种比例尺地形图担负着不同的社会、经济职能,多尺度地形图生产和建库,是基础地理信息系统建设的重要内容,也是信息库建设的重点和难点。以往获得较小比例尺地形图成果,一是按照尺度划分规则分别测绘,二是采用制图综合软件逐级梯度缩编,无论哪种方法都存在着效率低、时间长、更新困难、质量因人而异的缺陷。研究采用新的技术方法,基于空间信息源的多尺度地形图智能化缩编,借助空间信息数据库的整体性、适应性、拓展性、算法先进性和超强分析能力,运用空间信息拓扑关系,建立基本比例尺图形数据库,在信息数据库中智能化完成梯级比例尺缩编、跨比例尺缩编及任意比例尺缩编,自动建立相应比例尺图形数据库,同时保障多尺度图形数据库及时更新和维护,克服传统方法测制与缩编各级比例尺地形图的弊端,保障系列比例尺地形图与基本比例尺图形数据库的一致性、实时性,满足各层次、各行业用图需求,方便快速建立城市DSM地表模型和空间真三维地理模型。该方法具有成本低、速度快、精度高、通用性强、按需供图的特点和优势。湘潭市数字城市工程实践证明:基于基础信息源数据进行地形图智能化缩编的体系、架构、理论和方法是可行的,且具有广泛的社会推广应用价值。 相似文献
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将识别地震的深度学习算法PhaseNet应用于四川台网和首都圈台网, 对该模型的泛化能力进行了测试和评估。 首先利用2010年1月至2018年10月首都圈台网199个地震台站记录的29328个事件(ML0~ML4)所对应的126761段事件波形, 以及 2019年4—9月四川及邻省部分台网227个地震台站记录的16595个事件(ML0~ML6.0)所对应的120233段事件波形分别建立了SC和CA测试数据集, 并用预训练好的PhaseNet模型进行P、 S震相自动识别和到时拾取, 并将拾取结果与人工拾取结果在不同误差阈值下进行对比。 测试结果表明, PhaseNet在两个数据集上具有良好的震相检测能力(误差阈值为0.5 s), 其P、 S震相检测的F1值都超过0.75, 具有比较稳定的准确拾取P波到时能力(误差阈值0.1 s), 其检测F1值均超过0.6, 而S波到时拾取的F1值分别为0.33(SC)和0.53(CA)。 进一步分析了测试结果与震中距、 震级、 信噪比、 台站所处地域之间的关系, 为下一步继续训练更优化的模型指明了方向。 研究结果表明, PhaseNet算法在区域台网地震自动检测和到时拾取方面有很大的应用潜力和提升空间, 可以为区域台网的自动编目工作提供辅助。 相似文献
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3D city models offered by digital map providers typically consist of several thousands or even millions of individual buildings. Those buildings are usually generated in an automated fashion from high resolution cadastral and remote sensing data and can be very detailed. However, not in every application such a high degree of detail is desirable. One way to remove complexity is to aggregate individual buildings, simplify the ground plan and assign an appropriate average building height. This task is computationally complex because it includes the combinatorial optimization problem of determining which subset of the original set of buildings should best be aggregated to meet the demands of an application.In this article, we introduce approaches to express different aspects of the aggregation of LoD 1 building models in the form of Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) problems. The advantage of this approach is that for linear (and some quadratic) MIP problems, sophisticated software exists to find exact solutions (global optima) with reasonable effort. We also propose two different heuristic approaches based on the region growing strategy and evaluate their potential for optimization by comparing their performance to a MIP-based approach. 相似文献
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Three-dimensional building models are important for various applications, such as disaster management and urban planning. The development of laser scanning sensor technologies has resulted in many different approaches for efficient building model generation using LiDAR data. Despite this effort, generation of these models lacks economical and reliable techniques that fully exploit the advantage of LiDAR data. Therefore, this research aims to develop a framework for fully-automated building model generation by integrating data-driven and model-driven methods using LiDAR datasets.The building model generation starts by employing LiDAR data for building detection and approximate boundary determination. The generated building boundaries are then integrated into a model-based processing strategy because LiDAR derived planes show irregular boundaries due to the nature of LiDAR point acquisition. The focus of the research is generating models for the buildings with right-angled-corners, which can be described with a collection of rectangles under the assumption that the majority of the buildings in urban areas belong to this category. Therefore, by applying the Minimum Bounding Rectangle (MBR) algorithm recursively, the LiDAR boundaries are decomposed into sets of rectangles for further processing. At the same time, the quality of the MBRs is examined to verify that the buildings, from which the boundaries are generated, are buildings with right-angled-corners. The parameters that define the model primitives are adjusted through a model-based boundary fitting procedure using LiDAR boundaries. The level of details in the final Digital Building Model is based on the number of recursions during the MBR processing, which in turn are determined by the LiDAR point density. The model-based boundary fitting improves the quality of the generated boundaries and as seen in experimental results, the quality depends on the average LiDAR point spacing. This research thus develops an approach which not only automates the building model generation, but also achieves the best accuracy of the model while utilizing only LiDAR data. 相似文献
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Since 2012 CORINE has been obtained in Spain from the generalization of a more detailed land cover map (SIOSE). This methodological change has meant the production of a new CORINE map, which is different from the existing ones. To analyze how different the new maps are from the previous ones, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the new methodology, we carried out a comparison of the CORINE obtained from both methods (traditional and generalization) for the year 2006. The new CORINE is more detailed and it is more coherent with the rest of Spanish Land Use Land Cover (LULC) maps. However, problems have been encountered with regard to the meaning of its classes, the fragmentation of patches and the complexity of its perimeters. 相似文献