| Deep Norden： Highlights of the lithospheric structure of Northern Europe, Iceland, and Greenland |
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| 基金项目： | Acknowledgments The authors are indebted to S. Grand, N. Shapiro, M. Ritzwoller, and W. Spakman for providing their seismic tomographic models. Figure 1 was prepared by S.B. Lyngsie using the GMT software （by courtesy of Smith and Wessel）, The paper has benefited from the constructive comments of S. Cloetingh and two anonymous reviewers. |
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| 摘 要： | We present a review of geophysical models of the continental lithosphere of Norden, which includes the Nordic countries （Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Norway, Sweden）, Greenland, and the adjacent regions of the neighbouring countries. The structure of the crust and the lithospheric mantle reflects the geologic evolution of Norden from Precambrian terrane accretion and subduction within the Baltic Shield and Greenland to Phanerozoic rifting, volcanism, magmatic crust formation, subduction and continent-continent collision at the edges of the cratons and at the plate boundaries. The proposed existence of a mantle plume below Iceland has not been uniquely demonstrated by the available seismic evidence. Its connection to the break-up of the North Atlantic Ocean c. 65 My ago is uncertain, but the 〉30 km thick crust in the strait between Iceland and Greenland may indicate the track of the plume. Using the results from seismic （reflection and refraction profiles, P- and S-wave, body-wave and surface-wave tomography）, thermal, gravity, and petrologic studies,we review the structure of the crust and the lithospheric mantle of Norden and propose an integrated model of physical properties of the lithosphere of the region, including maps of lateral variation in crustal and lithospheric thicknesses and compositional variation in the lithospheric mantle.
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| 关 键 词： | 岩石圈构造 北欧 格陵兰岛 冰岛 |
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