Variations in seasonal rainfall in Southern Europe during the present century: relationships with the North Atlantic Oscillation and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation |
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Authors: | X Rodó E Baert F A Comín |
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Institution: | (1) Climate Impact Analysis Grou, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain, ES;(2) Institut d’Astronomie et de Geophysique G. Lemaitre, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium, BE |
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Abstract: | Analysis of data from seventeen rainfall stations in the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and Northern Africa has revealed
significant El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signals in Europe. Both North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Southern Oscillation
(SO) exert an influence on Iberian climate, but at different temporal and spatial scales. Though most of the peninsula is
under NAO influence in winter, some stations in the eastern region show no connection with this phenomenon. The same is found
for ENSO, with a positively correlated region appearing in the eastern part of Spain, while the rest of the peninsula remains
insensitive. The correlation between ENSO and Iberian rainfall has increased towards the end of the present century, with
strong positive signals spanning over half of the area studied. The percentage of springtime variability due to ENSO has similarly
increased, reaching up to 50% in certain areas.
We also show how there are outstanding climatic sensors of these phenomena such as Lake Gallocanta, which manifests a positive
response to ENSO while appears insensitive to NAO. Common long-term patterns are observed between SOI and an inferred lake
level series, suggesting a constant influence of the low-frequency component of ENSO throughout the period considered. Lake
drying phases every 14 years reflect the impact of this signal, approximately every four ENSO events.
Received: 6 June 1996/Accepted: 30 October 1996 |
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