| 洪河国家级自然保护区补水水质的评价研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘正茂.洪河国家级自然保护区补水水质的评价研究[J].湿地科学与管理,2009,5(4):15-19. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘正茂 |
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| 作者单位： | 东北师范大学城市与环境科学学院,长春,130024;黑龙江农垦勘测设计研究院,哈尔滨,150090 |
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| 基金项目： | UNDP/GEF中国湿地生物多样性保护与可持续利用研究，中国科学院知识创新工程 |
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| 摘 要： | 简要介绍了洪河国家级自然保护区补水方案的工艺流程,农田地表径流是该方案的补水水源。分别采集洪河国家级自然保护区核心区和浓鸭截洪总干(补水水源点)同一地点地表水样并进行了分析测试,核心区水质监测数据结果表明:①该保护区核心区水域不存在工业废水特征污染物;②水质与水位和水流关系密切;③水质与湿地植被所处的生长季节有关;④水体中COD和BOD5值分别在37.73～63.08mg/L和15.2～28.70mg/L,不属于外源人为污染引起,应是沼泽水体的背景值的真实反映;⑤沼泽水体的TN和TP较高,可能与湿地生物地球化学元素循环的内在规律有关,不是农田地表径流污染进入引起的。浓鸭截洪总干处水质监测数据显示:①水质表征出明显的农田径流特性;②水质总体上较好,这可能与浓鸭截洪总干对农田地表径流有较好的净化能力有关。通过比较分析洪河保护区核心区水质和浓鸭截洪总干水质表明:补水水源水质整体上好于该保护区核心区水质。基于保护区核心区水质特征来确定补水水源水质在工程设计上具有一定的指导意义和实践价值。基于当前的监测数据,初步认为现有补水水质符合洪河保护区水质要求。建议今后在洪河国家级自然保护区和浓鸭截洪总干开展有关农药残留动态实验,并结合水域生物多样性调查,为流域农业产业结构和农药的安全使用提出政策性建议。研究认为在三江平原通过生态水利工程蓄积农田地表径流,并采用湿地生态氧化塘处理系统净化水质,可以作为退化湿地的补水水源。
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| 关 键 词： | 湿地 水质 水资源恢复 农田地表径流 湿地生态氧化塘 洪河国家级自然保护区 三江平原 |
Quality Assessment of the Supplementary Water for Honghe National Nature Reserve |
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| LIU Zheng-Mao.Quality Assessment of the Supplementary Water for Honghe National Nature Reserve[J].Wetland Science & Management,2009,5(4):15-19. |
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| Authors: | LIU Zheng-Mao |
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| Abstract: | The process of water resources restoration scheme for Honghe National Nature Reserve(HNNR) was briefly presented,and the farmland surface runoff is the source of supplementary water.Respectively on 7 July and 18 September of 2002,and 10 September of 2007,water samples were taken at the same sites in the core zone of HNNR and the Main Canal of Nongya Flood Control(NFCMC)(site for supplementary water).The analysis of water quality showed that:(1) No pollutants from industrial wastes were detected in the core zone of HNNR;(2) Water quality was closely related to water level or water flow;(3) Water quality was also related to the growing seasons of wetland vegetation;(4) COD and BOD5 were 37.73-63.08mg/L and 15.2-28.70mg/L,respectively,not caused by external pollution sources;(5) Concentrations of TN and TP are relatively higher,probably related to the cycling of biogeochemical elements in the wetland,not caused by surface runoff from farmlands.The water quality analysis of NFCMC showed that:(1) Water quality reflected evident farmland surface runoff;(2) Water quality may be related to NFCMC's function of purification of the farmland surface runoff water.Water quality of the supplementary water was better than that of the core zone of HNNR.Depending on the existing monitoring data,the water quality from NFCMC can meet the water quality requirements by HNNR.Further studies on dynamics of pesticide residuals in both HNNR and NFCMC were proposed,in combination with aquatic biodiversity survey,so as to provide policy proposals.The farmland surface runoff water in Sanjiang Plain can be collected through water resources conservation measures and purified by wetland oxidation process,and used as the source of supplementary water for degraded wetland. |
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| Keywords: | Wetland Water quality Water resource restoration Farmland runoff Honghe National Nature Reserve Sanjiang Plain |
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