| 空气污染损害价值的WTP、WTA对比研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 李金平,王志石.空气污染损害价值的WTP、WTA对比研究[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(3):250-255. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李金平 王志石 |
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| 作者单位： | 澳门大学科技学院,澳门特别行政区;澳门大学科技学院,澳门特别行政区 |
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| 摘 要： | 条件估值法(Contingent Valuation Method, CVM),通过询问人们对于环境质量改善的支付意愿(Willingness To Pay, WTP)或受到损害后的受偿意愿(Willingness To Accept, WTA)来评估环境物品或服务的价值。虽然对CVM的准确性存在争议,但这一方法正被越来越广泛地应用,人们认识到这一方法能够解决许多无法解决的问题。空气污染一直是澳门的环境问题，空气污染造成的损害是多方面的。本研究分2次进行,2002年12月SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)爆发前，进行了WTP的调查,打电话调查样本1 600个,回收有效问卷720份；2004年3月SARS爆发后，又进行了WTA调查,打电话调查样本1 336个,回收有效问卷543份。本研究旨在采用CVM中之WTP和WTA方法，分析比较SARS爆发前后，居民对澳门空气污染损失的意愿价值的变化情况，探讨WTP和WTA两种研究方法的估值差异，为城市环境管理提供决策依据。本研究的特点:①对调查的误差进行了统计学分析；②CVM的调查采用支付意愿和受偿意愿相结合的对比研究。经济分析结果表明，2002年SARS爆发前,以WTP分析得出澳门空气污染的年经济损失保守估计值为3.77亿MOP(澳门元, 1美元=8.033MOP)、占当年GDP的0.69%；2004年SARS爆发后,以WTA法分析得出澳门空气污染的年经济损失最高估计值为14.32亿MOP/年,占当年GDP的2.2%。研究表明，SARS爆发后，居民的环护意识有不同程度的提高。
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| 关 键 词： | 条件估值法 WTP WTA SARS 澳门 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-8166（2006）03-0250-06 |
| 收稿时间： | 2004-12-14 |
| 修稿时间： | 2005-12-21 |
Comparative WTP and WTA Research of Air Pollution Loses |
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| LI Jin-ping,WANG Zhi-shi.Comparative WTP and WTA Research of Air Pollution Loses[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2006,21(3):250-255. |
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| Authors: | LI Jin-ping WANG Zhi-shi |
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| Institution: | Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau Special Administration Region |
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| Abstract: | Contingent valuation method(CVM) is an economic tool used for estimating the value that a person places on environmental goods and services.CVM is particularly useful for estimating the value of non-market and non-use goods and services.The air pollution is one of the most important problems in Macao.Researchers interviewed sampled population by a particular action,and through a series of questions and analyses,estimate the respondent's value of the resource or action in terms of willingness to pay(WTP) or willingness to accept(WTA).Willingness to pay represents the most a person would be willing to pay to keep his or her quality of life,while willingness to accept represents the minimum that a person would be willing to accept to keep his or her quality of life at its original level when his or she loses the good.The research objective was adopting WTP and WTA method to analysis and to compare the value changes for respondent willing about the air pollution.The survey was performed two times through telephone.One survey was carried out with WTP before SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) in December,2002;survey samples were 1600 with 720 effective samples colleted;the other with WTA after SARS in March,2004;survey sample 1336 with 543 effective samples collected.The research aim was to estimate the value of the air pollution losses in Macao.The economic analysis result showed that the air pollution value losses of Macao was about 377 million MOP(The currency money in Macao,1 USD = 8.033 MOP) per year before SARS by use WTP methods(about(0.69%) of the GDP in the same year),and 1432 million MOP per year by use the WTA method after SARS(about 0.69% of the GDP in the same year).The result indicated that the citizen's environmental comsciousness increased after SARS. |
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| Keywords: | WTP WTA SARS |
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