The organic geochemistry of ancient sediments—Part II |
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| Authors: | R B Johns T Belsky E D McCarthy A L Burlingame Pat Haug H K Schnoes W Richter and M Calvin |
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| Institution: | Department of Chemistry, Space Sciences Laboratory and Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA |
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| Abstract: | Several shales and oils ranging in age from 3 million to 2·7 billion years have been investigated for their hydrocarbon content using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry as primary analytical tools. From the Soudan Shale from Minnesota (2·7 × 109yr) the C18, C19, C20 and C21 isoprenoid-alkanes were obtained. The Antrim shale from Michigan (about 265 × 106 yr) yielded the C16, C18, C19, C20 and C21 isoprenoids, as well as a C16 iso-alkane and the C18 and C19 cyclohexyl n-alkanes. The San Joaquin Oil (30 × 106 yr) and the Abbott Rock Oil (3 × 106 yr) contained the C16, C18, C19, C20 and the C18, C19, C20 and C21 isoprenoids respectively. In addition, a series of iso-alkanes (C16?C18), anteiso-alkanes (C16?C18) and n-alkylcyclohexanes (C16?C19) as well as a C21 isoprenoid were obtained from the Nonesuch Seep Oil (1 × 109 yr). This analysis provides a comprehensive picture of the types of biogenic hydrocarbons found in oils and shales of widely differing ages, and in particular, the finding of isoprenoid alkanes in the Soudan Shale furnishes evidence for life processes at that period of geological time. |
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