A Study of Ozone Laminae Using Diabatic Trajectories, Contour Advection and Photochemical Trajectory Model Simulations. |
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| Authors: | S J Reid M Rex P Von Der Gathen I Fløisand F Stordal G D Carver A Beck E Reimer R Krüger-Carstensen L L De Haan G Braathen V Dorokhov H Fast E Kyrö M Gil Z Lityñska M Molyneux G Murphy F O'Connor F Ravegnani C Varotsos J Wenger C Zerefos |
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| Institution: | (1) NOAA, Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, 80303-3328, U.S.A.;(2) Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, D-14401 Potsdam, Germany;(3) Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway;(4) Centre for Atmospheric Science, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, U.K.;(5) Meteorologisches Institut, Freie Universitet Berlin, Carl-Heinrich-Becker-Weg 6-10, 12165, Berlin;(6) University of California, Irvine, U.S.A.;(7) Central Aerological Observatory, Moscow, Russia;(8) Atmospheric Environmental Service, 4905 Dufferin St., Downsview, Ontario, Canada;(9) Finnish Meteorological Institute, Södänkylä Observatory, Finland;(10) Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aerospacial, C. Ajalvir km 4, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid;(11) Centre for Aerology IMWM, Zegrzyñska Str. 38, 05-119 Legionowo, Poland;(12) Meteorological Office, Bracknell, U. K.;(13) Irish Meteorological Service, Valentia Observatory, Caherciveen, Co. Kerry, Ireland;(14) Department of Physics, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Wales, U.K.;(15) C. N. R. Fisbat Institute, Via Gobetti, 101 Bologna, Italy;(16) University of Athens, 33 Ippokratous St., Athens, Grece;(17) Department of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland;(18) Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece |
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| Abstract: | In this paper, we show that the rate of ozone loss in both polar and mid-latitudes, derived from ozonesonde and satellite data, has almost the same vertical distribution (although opposite sense) to that of ozone laminae abundance. Ozone laminae appear in the lower stratosphere soon after the polar vortex is established in autumn, increase in number throughout the winter and reach a maximum abundance in late winter or spring. We indicate a possible coupling between mid-winter, sudden stratospheric warmings (when the vortex is weakened or disrupted) and the abundance of ozone laminae using a 23-year record of ozonesonde data from the World Ozone Data Center in Canada combined with monthly-mean January polar temperatures at 30 hPa.Results are presented from an experiment conducted during the winter of 1994/95, in phase II of the Second European Stratospheric And Mid-latitude Experiment (SESAME), in which 93 ozone-enhanced laminae of polar origin observed by ozonesondes at different time and locations are linked by diabatic trajectories, enabling them to be probed twice or more. It is shown that, in general, ozone concentrations inside laminae fall progressively with time, mixing irreversibly with mid-latitude air on time-scales of a few weeks. A particular set of laminae which advected across Europe during mid February 1995 are examined in detail. These laminae were observed almost simultaneously at seven ozonesonde stations, providing information on their spatial scales. The development of these laminae has been modelled using the Contour Advection algorithm of Norton (1994), adding support to the concept that many laminae are extrusions of vortex air. Finally, a photochemical trajectory model is used to show that, if the air in the laminae is chemically activated, it will impact on mid-latitude ozone concentrations. An estimate is made of the potential number of ozone molecules lost each winter via this mechanism. |
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| Keywords: | Ozone laminae mid-latitudes ozone depletion |
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