| 地域功能-结构的空间组织途径——对国土空间规划实施主体功能区战略的讨论 |
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| 引用本文： | 樊杰.地域功能-结构的空间组织途径——对国土空间规划实施主体功能区战略的讨论[J].地理研究,2019,38(10):2373-2387. |
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| 作者姓名： | 樊杰 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101;中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101;中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金重点项目(41630644) |
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| 摘 要： | 地域功能-结构的空间组织规律是人地系统耦合研究的基本理论问题,也是开展国土空间规划、塑造可持续地理格局的基础理论。从地理学对地理过程的重复、预测、调控、优化的讨论入手,阐释了空间治理体系是现代地理学用于调控和优化可持续地理过程与格局的重要途径。采用生态-生活-生产等三生空间构成的地域功能空间结构呈现的时空演变特征,表达了地域功能-结构的空间有序性法则,阐释了地域功能与自然地理环境相协调、同一地域单元各类功能及不同单元之间冲突最小化、地域功能在不同空间尺度有效传导、以及长时间尺度综合效益最大化等空间组织目标。从可持续性出发,建立自然要素的资源、环境、生态和灾害四大属性的概念,并通过四大属性集成构成自然承载力,分析承载力的原值、余量和潜力在空间规划中的作用,形成自下而上解析空间组织的基本方法。从新空间均衡出发,基于承载力、融入位置和空间结构参量后构成的地域功能适宜性,形成自上而下解析空间组织的基本方法。进而讨论了集成两种方法形成的主体功能区具备的对空间组织与规划的基础价值和战略价值,提出主体功能区的区划、战略、制度和规划用途分离及相互关联的新思路。以实施主体功能区战略为主线、以空间降尺度传导主体功能为核心科学问题、以关键约束参数为空间结构控制性指标,讨论了数据库与地域功能谱系、功能和尺度依赖的承载力评价方法与模型库、“三区三线”的建构框架,论证了空间规划实施主体功能区战略的途径,提出地理学应着力加强大、中空间尺度（区域性）国土空间规划基础理论和方法、强化技术等科技支撑体系建设的建议。
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| 关 键 词： | 自然承载力 功能适宜性 地域功能 空间结构 空间组织 主体功能区 国土空间规划 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-09-30 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019-10-10 |
Spatial organization pathway for territorial function-structure:Discussion on implementation of major function zoning strategy in territorial spatial planning |
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| FAN Jie.Spatial organization pathway for territorial function-structure:Discussion on implementation of major function zoning strategy in territorial spatial planning[J].Geographical Research,2019,38(10):2373-2387. |
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| Authors: | FAN Jie |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;2. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;3. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | The spatial organization law of territorial function-structure is the basic theoretical problem of human-earth system coupling research, as well as the basic theory of carrying out territorial spatial planning and shaping sustainable geographical pattern. Starting from the discussion of geography on the repetition, prediction, regulation and optimization of geographical processes, this paper explains that the spatial governance system is an important way for modern geography to regulate and optimize the sustainable geographical processes and patterns. The spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the spatial structure of territorial function composed of ecological-life-production (also known as three living spaces) are adopted to express the spatial order law of territorial function - structure, and explain some spatial organization goals, e.g., the coordination between territorial function and natural geographical environment, the minimization of various functions and conflicts between different units in the same region, the effective transmission of territorial functions in different spatial scales, and the maximization of comprehensive benefits in a long time scale. On the one hand, from the perspective of sustainability, the concept of four attributes of natural elements -- resources, environment, ecology and disasters -- is proposed. Through the integration of the four attributes, the natural carrying capacity is constructed, and the function of the original value, remaining value and potential value of carrying capacity in spatial planning is analyzed, so as to form the basic method of analyzing spatial organization from bottom to top. On the other hand, starting from new spatial equilibrium, the basic method of top-down spatial organization analysis is formed based on the territorial functional suitability of carrying capacity, integrated position and spatial structure parameters. Furthermore, the basic and strategic values of the major function zoning formed by the two methods for spatial organization and planning are discussed, and a new idea of separation and interrelation of the zoning, strategy, system with planning of utilization is proposed. With the implementation of the strategy of major function zoning as the main line, the spatial scale-down conduction of major functions as the core scientific problem, and the key constraint parameters as the control indicators of spatial structure, this paper discusses the database and territorial function pedigree, functional and scale-dependent carrying capacity evaluation method and model, and the construction framework of "Three Zones and Three Lines" (Three Zones represent ecological space, agricultural space, and urban space; Three Lines represent ecological conservation redline, permanent capital farmland, and urban development boundary), and demonstrates the way to implement the strategy of major function zoning in spatial planning. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions that geography should strengthen the construction of scientific and technological support system, e.g., the basic theory, method and technology of large and medium spatial scale (regional) territorial spatial planning. |
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| Keywords: | natural carrying capacity functional suitability territorial function spatial structure spatial organization major function zoning territorial spatial planning |
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