| 近海生态系统的人为营养盐输入及其控制对策浅析 |
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| 引用本文： | 王菊英,郑楠,马德毅.近海生态系统的人为营养盐输入及其控制对策浅析[J].海洋学报,2020,42(6):1-8. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王菊英 郑楠 马德毅 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.国家海洋环境监测中心 近岸海域生态环境重点实验室，辽宁 大连 116023 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会“全球海洋治理与生态文明专项政策研究”项目；中国科学院学部咨询评议项目“中国近海生态环境治理的科学与管理问题及政策建议”。 |
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| 摘 要： | 人为活动每年新增大量的活性氮、磷，导致全球氮、磷循环失衡，新增活性氮、磷主要来源于合成氮肥的生产和施用、畜肥的施用、具固氮能力的农作物如豆科植物等的大规模种植，以及化石燃料燃烧产生的氮氧化物等，而农作物生产与畜禽养殖是改变全球氮、磷循环的主要原因。随着生活污水排放量和化肥施用量的激增，大量氮、磷进入近海，导致营养盐污染和富营养化，这已成为全球性的海洋生态环境问题，通过河流径流和大气沉降进入近海生态环境中的新增氮和磷一半以上与人为活动有关。本文以波罗的海和东海为例，分析了发达国家和发展中国家近海的富营养化问题，研究表明从源头缓解富营养化的对策应同时聚焦氮与磷负荷的削减，具体措施包括降低农业生产活动中化肥的土壤渗漏、合理施肥、种植多年生植物和种植休耕季覆被作物等。
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| 关 键 词： | 营养盐输入 富营养化 人为活动 化肥施用 农业生产 减缓对策 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/12/28 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/3/22 0:00:00 |
Anthropogenic inputs of nutrients to coastal ecosystem and mitigation actions |
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| Wang Juying,Zheng Nan,Ma Deyi.Anthropogenic inputs of nutrients to coastal ecosystem and mitigation actions[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica (in Chinese),2020,42(6):1-8. |
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| Authors: | Wang Juying Zheng Nan Ma Deyi |
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| Institution: | 1.Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecological Environment, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China2.First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China |
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| Abstract: | Currently, the global nitrogen and phosphorus cycles are out of balance due to anthropogenic activities which produce a large amount of reactive nitrogen and phosphorus annually. The incremental N and P are mainly derived from production and application of synthetic N fertilizers, manure application, large areas of cultivated leguminous crops that could fix atmospheric N2, and NOx emitted from fossil fuel combustion. It should be noted that crop and livestock production systems are the major cause of human alteration of the global N and P cycles. Increased human sewage and fertilizer application in agricultural production have significantly raised the inputs of N and P nutrients to coastal ecosystems leading to a global spread of eutrophication. Most of these inputs are transported to the coastal ocean via river runoff and atmospheric deposition. More than half of the incremental N and P loads are related to anthropogenic sources. The Baltic Sea and East China Sea present typical eutrophication condition in developed country and developing country respectively. The mitigation strategies should focus on dual nutrient strategy for successful N and P reduction, including reduction of leaching and runoff from agricultural fields, growing perennial crops, effective application of fertilizers, and planting winter cover crops. |
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| Keywords: | nutrients input eutrophication anthropogenic activity fertilizer application agricultural activity mitigation strategy |
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