| 新疆尼勒克县吉仁台沟口遗址石器功能分析:来自植物微体遗存的证据 |
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| 引用本文： | 王清,马志坤,陈秋荷,马永超,阮秋荣,王永强,韩建业,杨晓燕.新疆尼勒克县吉仁台沟口遗址石器功能分析:来自植物微体遗存的证据[J].第四纪研究,2020(2):450-461. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王清 马志坤 陈秋荷 马永超 阮秋荣 王永强 韩建业 杨晓燕 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院青藏高原研究所;中国科学院大学;西北大学文化遗产学院;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;北京大学考古文博学院;新疆维吾尔自治区文物考古研究所;中国人民大学历史学院;中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(批准号:41807436);国家自然科学基金重点项目(批准号:41930323);中国科学院(A类)战略性先导科技专项项目(批准号:XDA2004010103);国家社科基金重大项目(批准号:18ZDA172)共同资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 新疆地处欧亚大陆中心,自然环境复杂,生业经济形式多样,东西方文化交流频繁,是了解欧亚大陆古代人类活动和文化发展的重要区域.从新石器时代至青铜时代在该区域出土了丰富的石制品,但对其功能的研究较少,尤其是一些中国内地不常见,而与中亚、欧亚草原类型相似的石器.本文对新疆伊犁地区青铜时代吉仁台沟口遗址(82.77°E,43.84°N;3600~3000 cal.a B.P.)出土的具有安德罗诺沃文化特征的长条形石磨盘、石杵和饼形石器的表层残留物进行了淀粉粒和植硅体分析,为这些石器的功能研究提供了直接证据.分析结果显示,石器表面的淀粉粒来自禾本科小麦族(the tribe Triticeae)和某些块根块茎类植物,而石器表面发现的775粒植硅体中,粟类作物稃片植硅体占9%,其他类型的植硅体以早熟禾亚科(Pooideae)型和棒型为主,另在石杵上发现栝楼属(Trichosanthes)植物果皮植硅体及植物组织.结合遗址中大植物遗存证据,研究结果表明:石磨盘曾用于研磨麦类作物种子和某些块根块茎类植物,石杵亦用于麦类作物研磨,但也对粟类作物进行脱壳以及加工栝楼属植物果实.用于分析的饼形石器有两种类型,第一类为打制饼形石器,残留物中的植物遗存显示可能与石磨盘组合用于加工植物的块根块茎;第二类为磨制饼形石器,其表面发现极少量粟类稃片植硅体,推测其可能用于粟类作物脱粒.研究结果为新疆伊犁地区考古遗址出土安德罗诺沃文化石器的功能、农作物加工过程,以及古代社会生计模式的认识提供了依据;石器残留物中块根块茎类淀粉粒以及农作物植硅体的发现,是对已有大植物遗存分析结果的进一步补充.
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| 关 键 词： | 新疆吉仁台沟口遗址 石器功能 植物微体遗存 淀粉粒 植硅体 |
MICROBOTANICAL REMAINS PROVIDE DIRECT EVIDENCES FOR THE FUNCTIONAL STUDY OF STONE TOOLS FROM JARTAI PASS SITE IN NILKA COUNTY,XINJIANG |
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| Wang Qing,Ma Zhikun,Chen Qiuhe,Ma Yongchao,Ruan Qiurong,Wang Yongqiang,Han Jianye,Yang Xiaoyan.MICROBOTANICAL REMAINS PROVIDE DIRECT EVIDENCES FOR THE FUNCTIONAL STUDY OF STONE TOOLS FROM JARTAI PASS SITE IN NILKA COUNTY,XINJIANG[J].Quaternary Sciences,2020(2):450-461. |
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| Authors: | Wang Qing Ma Zhikun Chen Qiuhe Ma Yongchao Ruan Qiurong Wang Yongqiang Han Jianye Yang Xiaoyan |
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| Institution: | (Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi'an 710069,Shaanxi;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;School of Archaeology and Museology,Peking University,Beijing 100871;Cultural Relics and Archaeology Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,ürumchi 830011,Xinjiang;School of History,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101) |
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| Abstract: | Xinjiang,located in central Eurasia,is well known for cultural exchanges between the East and West.Its strategic location and complex natural environment have paved the way for diverse subsistence strategies.This makes it an important area for exploration of ancient human activities,and cultural developments in Eurasia.A large number of stone artifacts from the Neolithic to Bronze Age were unearthed here,but little is known about their functionality.The artifacts resemble used in the Andronovo culture and widely distributed in the Eurasian steppe,were less understood in China.Therefore,this study aims to discover the functionality of ancient stone artifacts unearthed in Xinjiang by using phytolith and starch grain analyses.The types of the stone artifacts excavated from Ili region at Jratai Pass site(43.84°N,82.77°E;3600~3000 cal.a B.P.)and selected for examination were pestle,cake-shaped stone tool,and slab.48 ancient starches from the tribe Triticeae(probably wheat and barley),roots and tubers were recovered from the tool surfaces.Among the 775 phytoliths recovered from stone tools,millet comprised 9%of the phytolith assemblage.Additionally,phytoliths and tissue residues of snake gourd(Trichosanthes)pericarp were extracted from the surface of a pestle.Combinating the results from ancient starches and phytoliths recovered from the stone slab,pestles and cake-shaped stones from the Jartai Pass site,the data suggests that stone slab and pestles were probably used for grinding wheat,barley,roots and tubers.Moreover,pestles were probably used for dehusking millets,and processing snake gourds;Cake-shaped stones at the Jartai Pass site were classified into two morphological types:chipped stone tools,probably combined with slabs-were used for grinding roots and tubers(such as snake gourd),and polished stone tools with a little micro-remains of millet-were used for threshing grains.This study provides a basis for understanding the function of stone tools unearthed from archaeological sites in Ili Valley,Xinjiang,especially with the characteristics of Andronovo Culture.Moreover,the discovery of starches and phytoliths supplements studies based on plant macro-remains.Hence,we gain a better understanding of the livelihood model of the society of Andronovo Culture. |
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| Keywords: | Jartai Pass site Andronovo culture stone tool function plant microremains starch grains phytolith |
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