| 顾及企业注册地址的区位理论研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 胡国建,陆玉麒,胡舒云.顾及企业注册地址的区位理论研究[J].地理研究,2022,41(2):580-595. |
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| 作者姓名： | 胡国建 陆玉麒 胡舒云 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京 2100232.南京师范大学乡村振兴研究院,南京 2100233.南京师范大学虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室,南京 2100234.江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京 210023 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金重点项目（41430635）;国家自然科学基金项目（42171171）；;教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目（19YJAZH023）； |
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| 摘 要： | 区位理论研究长期忽视作为企业基本属性的注册地址并将其与企业实体位置混淆的做法给区位理论带来挑战和发展机遇。本文回顾地理学、经济学、管理学和法学的有限研究,阐述注册地址作为新区位主体、企业实体与注册地址分离现象以及该现象背景下区位分析的新逻辑等内容。研究表明：注册地址是企业法律关系缔结和实现的基点,具有虚拟性和唯一性的特征,其区位主要受税收政策等制度因素的影响,在不同地区注册的企业面临不同的发展前景,并影响地区的财政收入、形象等。企业实体与注册地址的分离现象已较为普遍,注册地址分布在自贸区、开发区等具有政策优势的各类经济区以及欠发达地区的比例高于企业实体。该现象尽管使企业可以兼顾区位优势和政策优势,促进市场活力,但对地区发展、政府部门监管以及企业自身也造成了广泛的负面影响。企业实体与注册地址存在分离现象促使传统“企业”的一元区位体系调整为“企业实体-注册地址”的二元区位体系,而企业实体与注册地址之间的“黏力”使得未来区位理论研究不仅要辨析区位主体是企业实体还是注册地址,而且在分析区位影响、区位因子、区位迁移等内容时要区分两者的位置关系（重合或分离）,意识到不同关系下彼此间的相互影响。
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| 关 键 词： | 区位理论 企业实体 注册地址 企业地理 中国 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-04-15 |
Research on location theory taking into account the registered address of enterprises |
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| HU Guojian,LU Yuqi,HU Shuyun.Research on location theory taking into account the registered address of enterprises[J].Geographical Research,2022,41(2):580-595. |
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| Authors: | HU Guojian LU Yuqi HU Shuyun |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China2. College of Rural Vitalization, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China3. Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China4. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China |
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| Abstract: | The research of location theory has long ignored the registered address as the basic attribute of the enterprise and confused it with the enterprise entity.This paper reviews the limited research in geography,economics,management,and law to elaborate on the registered address as the new location subject,the phenomenon of separation between enterprise entities and registered addresses,and the new logic of locational analysis in the context of this phenomenon,in order to extend the location theory.The main conclusions include:(1)The registered address,which is virtual and unique in nature,determines the territorial jurisdictional affiliation of matters such as supervision,penalties,and judicial enforcement to which the enterprise is subject.The location of the registered address is mainly influenced by institutionallevel factors such as taxes,subsidies and administrative environment.Enterprises registered in different regions face different development prospects,while the establishment and cancellation,incoming and outgoing of a enterprise's registered address affects the region's financial revenue,regional image,and officials'performance evaluation.(2)The separation between enterprise entity and registered address has been more common.The registered address of such enterprises is located in economic zones such as free trade zones and development zones with policy advantages,and the proportion of underdeveloped areas is higher than that of enterprise entities,which are usually located in economically developed areas.Although the separation between enterprise entities and registered addresses allows enterprises to combine location and policy advantages and promote market dynamics,it has extensive negative impacts on regional development,governmental supervision and the enterprises themselves.(3)The introduction of registered address will revolutionize the traditional location theory.In the context that enterprise entity and registered address are not always the same,the traditional one single location system of“enterprise”should be adjusted to dual location system of“enterprise entity-registered address”.In the dual location system,the“stickiness”between enterprise entity and registered address makes it necessary for future location theory research not only to identify whether the location subject is an enterprise entity or a registered address,but also to distinguish the location relationship(overlap or separation)between the two when analyzing location impact,location factor,location migration,etc.,and to be aware of the interaction between enterprise entities and registered addresses under different location relationships. |
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| Keywords: | location theory business entity registered address enterprise geography China |
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