Volatile Organic Compounds in the Po Basin. Part A: Anthropogenic VOCs |
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| Authors: | M?Steinbacher J?Dommen C?Ordonez S?Reimann F?C?Grüebler J?Staehelin Email author" target="_blank">A?S?H?PrevotEmail author |
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| Institution: | (1) Paul Scherrer Institut, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH - 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland;(2) Swiss Federal Institute for Material Testing and Research (EMPA), Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, CH - 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;(3) Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, CH - 8093 Zurich, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | Measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were performed in the Po Basin, northern Italy in early summer 1998 within the PIPAPO project as well as in summer 2002 and autumn 2003 within the FORMAT project. During the three campaigns, trace gases and meteorological parameters were measured at a semi-rural station, around 35 km north of the city center of Milan. Low toluene and benzene concentrations and lower toluene to benzene ratios on weekends, on Sundays, and in August enabled the identification of a ‘weekend’ and a ‘vacation’ effect when anthropogenic emissions were lower due to less traffic and reduced industrial activities, respectively. Recurrent nighttime cyclohexane peaks suggested a periodical short-term release of cyclohexane close to the semi-rural sampling site. A multivariate receptor model analysis resulted in the distinction of different characteristic concentration profiles attributed to natural gas, biogenic impact, vehicle exhaust, industrial activities, and a single cyclohexane source. |
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| Keywords: | benzene Greater Milan area positive matrix factorization toluene vacation effect weekend effect |
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