Probability distribution of wave heights attenuated by salt marsh vegetation during tropical cyclone |
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| Institution: | 1. FTN Associates, Ltd., 10508N. Glenstone Place, Baton Rouge, LA 70810, USA;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, 3418 Patrick F. Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;1. Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;2. State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Estuarine Hydraulic Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China;3. Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center For Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou 510275, China;4. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, The Netherlands;5. Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede,The Netherlands;6. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen University, PO Box 72, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands;1. School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China;2. Department of Civil Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;3. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;4. Blue Carbon Research Department, Worldview International Foundation, Yangon, Myanmar;5. School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China;6. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China |
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| Abstract: | Zero-crossing wave heights, obtained from the field measurement of random waves propagating through salt marsh vegetation (Spartina alterniflora) during a tropical storm, were analyzed to examine their probability distribution. Wave data (significant wave heights up to 0.4 m in 0.8 m depth) were collected over a two-day period along a 28 m transect using three pressure transducers sampling at 10 Hz. Wave height distribution was observed to deviate from the Rayleigh distribution. The observed probability densities of the larger wave heights were reduced significantly by vegetation, producing wave heights lower than those predicted by the Rayleigh distribution. Assuming Rayleigh distributed wave heights for the incident waves to the vegetation patch, existing vegetation-induced wave attenuation formulations are used to derive a special form of two-parameter Weibull distribution for wave heights in the inundated wetland. The scale parameter of the distribution is theoretically shown to be a function of the shape parameter, which agrees with the measurements, effectively reducing the proposed distribution to a one-parameter type. The derived distribution depends on the local parameters only and fits well to the observed distribution of wave heights attenuated by vegetation. Empirical relationships are developed to estimate the shape parameter from the local wave parameters. |
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