Beach response to a fixed sand bypassing system |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Delaware, Center for Applied Coastal Research, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Newark, DE 19716, USA;2. US Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal Planning Section, Philadelphia District, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;3. St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), St. Petersburg, Fl 33701, USA;1. School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;2. Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Instituto Dom Luiz and Geology Department, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal;1. Recep Tayyip Erdo?an Üniversitesi, Civil Engineering Department, Rize, Turkey;2. Florida International University, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Miami, FL, 33174, USA;1. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands;2. Deltares, Unit Hydraulic Engineering, Delft, The Netherlands;3. UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Department of Water Science and Engineering, Delft, The Netherlands;4. Water Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;5. Shore Monitoring and Research, The Hague, The Netherlands;6. Deltares, Unit Marine and Coastal Systems, Delft, The Netherlands;1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan Road (N), Shanghai 200062, China;2. Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration of People''s Republic of China, 36 Baochu Road (N), Hangzhou 310012, China |
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| Abstract: | Indian River Inlet is located at roughly the mid-point of the Atlantic coast of Delaware and connects the ocean to two Delaware inland bays. Jetties constructed in 1940 have maintained the inlet for navigation purposes but have also acted as a barrier to net northerly alongshore sediment transport causing downdrift erosion. A mobile, land-based bypassing system was initiated in 1990 in an effort to counteract this erosion. Beach profile data from 1985 (pre-bypassing) until 2008 are used to investigate the effect of the sand bypassing system on beaches adjacent to the inlet. The downdrift beach experienced horizontal shoreline erosion between 10 and 60 m during the pre-bypassing period but accreted 10–20 m during the bypassing period. The mean shoreline location on the updrift beach during bypassing is 10–20 m landward (erosion) of its position during the pre-bypassing period. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) amplitudes from analyses performed on mean-removed elevation surfaces during the periods of highest bypassed volume (average of 83% of design rate) showed that the influence of the bypassing system on the downdrift beach extends to about 1500 m of the inlet. An EOF analysis showed that different morphologic responses were evident following the initiation of bypass operations. Temporal variations of shoreline and beach morphology were correlated to the temporal variations in bypassing rates on the downdrift beach only. The downdrift beach response was greatest near the inlet for larger bypassing volumes. Correlation in these instances occurred with a roughly 1-year time lag suggesting that the beach quickly redistributes the bypassed sand. EOF amplitude and shoreline response are weakly correlated to bypassed volumes when the system bypassed smaller volumes (average of 56% of design rate) of sand suggesting that there is a minimum bypassing rate, regardless of yearly variability, below which the effect on the downdrift beach is obscured. |
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