The density and expansibility of artificial seawater solutions from 0 to 40°C and 0 to 21‰ chlorinity期刊界 All Journals 搜尽天下杂志传播学术成果专业期刊搜索期刊信息化学术搜索

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The density and expansibility of artificial seawater solutions from 0 to 40°C and 0 to 21‰ chlorinity

Authors:	Frank J Millero Fred K Lepple

Institution:	Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Fla. U.S.A.

Abstract:	The density of artificial seawater has been measured with a magnetic float densitometer at 1 atm. from 0 to 40°C (in 5° intervals) and from 0 to 21‰ chlorinity. The densities at each temperature have been fitted to a modified Root (1933) equation, $d = d^{0} + A_{V} ′ Cl_{V} + B_{V} ′ Cl_{V}^{32}$ and an equation based on the Debye-Hückel limiting law, $d = d^{0} + A_{V} Cl_{V} + B_{V} Cl_{V}^{32} + C_{V} Cl_{V}^{2}$ where A_V′, B_V′, A_V, B_V and C_V are temperature-dependent constants (related to the ion-water and ion-ion interactions of the major components), d⁰ is the density of pure water and Cl_V is the volume chlorinity — $Cl_{V} = Cl (‰) × density$ . The densities fit these equations to ±9 p.p.m. from 0 to 25°C and ±18 p.p.m. from 30 to 40°C. The densities for artificial seawater are in good agreement with our measurements of Copenhagen seawater and the results for natural seawater obtained from Knudsen's tables.The expansibilities of the artificial seawater mixtures have been calculated from the temperature dependence of the densities. The resulting expansibilities at each temperature were fitted to the equations $α = α^{0} + A_{E} ′ Cl_{V} + B_{E} ′ Cl_{V}^{32}$ and $α = α^{0} + A_{E} Cl_{V} + B_{E} Cl_{V}^{32} + C_{E} Cl_{V}^{2}$ where A_E′, B_E′, A_E, B_E and C_E are constants (related to the effect of temperature on the ion-water and ion-ion interactions of the major components) and α⁰ is the expansibility of pure water. The expansibilities fit these equations to ±1 p.p.m. and at 35‰ S agree within ±1 p.p.m. with the expansibilities obtained for natural seawater from Knudsen's tables.Theoretical density and expansibility constants have been determined from the apparent equivalent volumes and expansibilities of the major components of seawater by using the additivity principle. The average deviations of the calculated densities and expansibilities are, respectively, ±20 and ±3 p.p.m. over the entire temperature range.

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