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Sediment PAH: Contrasting levels in the Caspian Sea and Anzali Wetland
Institution:1. Tarbiyat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran;2. Malayer University, P.O. Box 65719-9581863, Malayer, Hamedan, Iran;3. P.O. Box 7038, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;1. Department of Applied Geology, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Sarawak, Miri, Malaysia;2. Former Research Fellow at Curtin Sarawak Research Institute, Curtin University Sarawak, Miri, Malaysia;1. Environmental Forensic Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resource, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 46414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran;2. Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, PO Box 14965-149, Tehran, Iran;1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;2. Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;1. South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China;3. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China;4. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China;5. Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Development and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China
Abstract:A comparative study of 23 PAH congeners in sediment of the Caspian Sea coast and Anzali Wetland was conducted in 2010. Surface sediment was analyzed using chromatography and mass spectrometry. Total PAH concentrations ranged between 212 and 9009 ng g?1 dw. Spatial distribution maps revealed that PAH levels were higher in the coastal areas of the Caspian Sea where oil related activities have been common since 1800’s. Diagnostic ratios analysis indicated that PAHs largely originated from petrogenic processes. PAH toxicity level was assessed using sediment quality guidelines and toxic equivalent concentrations to determine toxic effects on marine organism. Based on these investigations, in our study areas, the probability of toxicity for benthic organisms is “low to medium”. The toxic equivalent concentrations of carcinogenic PAHs varied between 11 and 231 ng TEQ/g; higher total toxic equivalent concentrations values were found in the coastal areas of the Caspian Sea.
Keywords:PAH  Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry  Sediment quality guidelines  Toxic equivalent concentrations  Anzali Wetland  Caspian Sea
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