Effects of Sea Spray Evaporation and Dissipative Heating
on Intensity and Structure of Tropical Cyclone |
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| Authors: | CHENG Xiaoping FEI Jianfang HUANG Xiaogang and ZHENG Jing |
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| Institution: | Institute of Meteorology, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101 |
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| Abstract: | To examine effects of sea spray evaporation and dissipative heating on
structure and intensity of a real tropical cyclone, the sea spray flux
parameterization scheme was incorporated into the fifth-generation
Pennsylvania State University--National Center for Atmospheric Research
Mesoscale Model (MM5). Sensitivity tests were performed with varying the
spray source function intensities and with and without dissipation heating.
The numerical results indicate that sea spray evaporation increases the
interfacial sensible heat flux, which is increased by 16% for the
moderate spray and 47% for the heavy spray, but has little effect on the
interfacial latent heat flux. The net effect of sea spray evaporation is to
decrease the total sensible heat flux and to increase the total latent heat
flux. The total enthalpy flux is increased by 1% and 12% with moderate
and strong spray amounts, respectively. Consistent with these results, the
intensity of the tropical cyclone is increased by 5% and 16% in
maximum 10-m wind speed, respectively, due to sea spray evaporation. Sea
spray evaporation and dissipative heating modify the tropical cyclone
structure in important but complex ways. The effect of sea spray on the
near-surface temperature and moisture depends on the spray amounts and its
location within the tropical cyclone. Within the high-wind region of a
tropical cyclone, the lower atmosphere becomes cooler and moister due to the
evaporation of sea spray. However, the dissipative heating offsets the
cooling due to sea spray evaporation, which makes the lower atmosphere
warmer. |
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| Keywords: | sea spray dissipative heat tropical cyclone |
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